ReviewGenes2017
R Loops in the Regulation of Antibody Gene Diversification.
Review in Genes, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Multi-omics dissection of R-loop dynamics in tumorigenesis: From transcription-replication conflict to therapeutic targets.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2026Review
- Update on R-loops in genomic integrity: Formation, functions, and implications for human diseases.Genes & diseases · 2025Review
- R-loops: a key driver of inflammatory responses in cancer.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2025Review
- Diverse Genome Structures among Eukaryotes May Have Arisen in Response to Genetic Conflict.Genome biology and evolution · 2024Review
- The hidden architects of the genome: a comprehensive review of R-loops.Molecular biology reports · 2024Review
- RNA 2'-O-methylation promotes persistent R-loop formation and AID-mediated IgH class switch recombination.BMC biology · 2024Article
- Bridging the gap: R-loop mediated genomic instability and its implications in neurological diseases.Epigenomics · 2024Review
- Chromatin remodeler Activity-Dependent Neuroprotective Protein (ADNP) contributes to syndromic autism.Clinical epigenetics · 2023Review
- AFF3, a susceptibility factor for autoimmune diseases, is a molecular facilitator of immunoglobulin class switch recombination.Science advances · 2022Article
- Nucleotide excision repair: a versatile and smart toolkit.Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica · 2022Review
- Proximity labeling identifies a repertoire of site-specific R-loop modulators.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Noncoding RNAs in B cell responses.RNA biology · 2021Review
- Extrachromosomal Circular DNA (eccDNA): From Chaos to Function.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Review
- V(D)J recombination, somatic hypermutation and class switch recombination of immunoglobulins: mechanism and regulation.Immunology · 2020Review
- AID in Antibody Diversification: There and Back Again.Trends in immunology · 2020Review
- Review
- Extrachromosomal Circular DNA: Current Knowledge and Implications for CNS Aging and Neurodegeneration.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Non-canonical DNA/RNA structures during Transcription-Coupled Double-Strand Break Repair: Roadblocks or Bona fide repair intermediates?DNA repair · 2019Review
- Article
- R-loops modulate Trypanosome antigenic variation.PLoS genetics · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
For nearly three decades, R loops have been closely linked with class switch recombination (CSR), the process that generates antibody isotypes and that occurs via a complex cascade initiated by transcription-coupled mutagenesis in switch recombination sequences. R loops form during transcription of switch recombination sequences in vitro and in vivo, and there is solid evidence that R loops are required for efficient class switching. The classical model of R loops posits that they boost mutation rates by generating stable and long tracts of single-stranded DNA that serve as the substrate for activation induced deaminase (AID), the enzyme that initiates the CSR reaction cascade by co-transcriptionally mutating ssDNA in switch recombination sequences. Though logical and compelling, this model has not been supported by in vivo evidence. Indeed, several reports suggest that R loops may not be involved in recruiting AID activity to switch regions, meaning that R loops probably serve other unanticipated roles in CSR. Here, I review the key findings in this field to date and propose hypotheses that could help towards elucidating the precise function of R loops in CSR.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.