ArticleDrug delivery2017
Toxicity of orally inhaled drug formulations at the alveolar barrier: parameters for initial biological screening.
Article in Drug delivery, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nebulized 2-deoxylated glucose analogues inhibit respiratory viral infection in advanced in vitro airway models.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Insights into Inhalation Drug Disposition: The Roles of Pulmonary Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes and Transporters.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Pulmonary inhalation for disease treatment: Basic research and clinical translations.Materials today. Bio · 2024Review
- In vitro Dissolution Testing of Rifampicin Powder Formulations For Prediction of Plasma Concentration-Time Profiles After Inhaled Delivery.Pharmaceutical research · 2023Article
- A review of formulations and preclinical studies of inhaled rifampicin for its clinical translation.Drug delivery and translational research · 2023Review
- Assessment of Carbon Nanotubes on Barrier Function, Ciliary Beating Frequency and Cytokine Release in In Vitro Models of the Respiratory Tract.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Bioequivalence study of ipratropium bromide inhalation aerosol using PBPK modelling.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Article
- Dissolution and Absorption of Inhaled Drug Particles in the Lungs.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- Addressing the Regulatory and Scientific Challenges with Generic Orally Inhaled Drug Products.Pharmaceutical medicine · 2020Review
- Biological Obstacles for IdentifyingPharmaceutics · 2019Review
- Novel Guanidine Compound against Multidrug-Resistant Cystic Fibrosis-Associated Bacterial Species.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Oral delivery is the most common mode of systemic drug application. Inhalation is mainly used for local therapy of lung diseases but may also be a promising route for systemic delivery of drugs that have poor oral bioavailability. The thin alveolar barrier enables fast and efficient uptake of many molecules and could deliver small molecules and proteins, which are susceptible to degradation and show poor absorption by oral application. The low rate of biotransformation and proteolytic degradation increases bioavailability of drugs but accumulation of not absorbed material may impair normal lung function. This limitation is more relevant for compounds that should be systematically active because higher doses have to be applied to the lung. The review describes processes that determine absorption of orally inhaled formulations, namely dissolution in the lung lining fluid and uptake and degradation by alveolar epithelial cells and macrophages. Dissolution testing in simulated lung fluid, screening for cytotoxicity and pro-inflammatory action in respiratory cells and study of macrophage morphology, and phagocytosis can help to identify adverse effects of pulmonary formulations.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.