ArticleDiabetologia2017
Cancer risk among insulin users: comparing analogues with human insulin in the CARING five-country cohort study.
Article in Diabetologia, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 69 citations in OpenAlex.
- [Diagnostics and treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus (Update 2026)].Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · 2026Guideline
- Hypoglycemic agents and incidence of pancreatic cancer in diabetic patients: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Pooled it
- The Body Weight Alteration and Incidence of Neoplasm in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2020Pooled it
- Implementation of OMOP and ConcePTION Common Data Models in CPRD GOLD: Risk of Bleeding and Cardiovascular Outcomes From Anticoagulant Use.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2026Article
- [Overview of the prevalence and features of oncological diseases in type 2 diabetes and possible immunological mechanisms].Problemy endokrinologii · 2025Review
- Causality between insulin use and malignant tumors of the digestive system: a two-sample mendelian randomized study.BMC cancer · 2025Article
- Adverse drug events associated with insulin glargine: a real-world pharmacovigilance study based on the FAERS database.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- The risk of cancer among insulin glargine users in Lithuania: A retrospective population-based study.Open medicine (Warsaw, Poland) · 2024Article
- [Diagnosis and insulin therapy of type 1 diabetes mellitus (Update 2023)].Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · 2023Article
- Drug repositioning in thyroid cancer treatment: the intriguing case of anti-diabetic drugs.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Review
- Identification of patient characteristics associated with survival benefit from metformin treatment in patients with stage I non-small cell lung cancer.The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery · 2022Article
- Incident peptic ulcers and concomitant treatment of direct oral anticoagulants and oral bisphosphonates-a real-world cohort study.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2022Article
- Article
- New Horizons: Next-Generation Insulin Analogues: Structural Principles and Clinical Goals.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2022Review
- The Relationship Between Diabetes Mellitus and Cancers and Its Underlying Mechanisms.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Review
- From Inception to ConcePTION: Genesis of a Network to Support Better Monitoring and Communication of Medication Safety During Pregnancy and Breastfeeding.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2022Article
- The Intricate Crosstalk Between Insulin and Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: A Review From Clinical to Molecular.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Review
- Diabetes and Colorectal Cancer Risk: Clinical and Therapeutic Implications.Journal of diabetes research · 2022Review
- Antitumor Effects and Mechanisms of Metabolic Syndrome Medications on Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Journal of hepatocellular carcinoma · 2022Review
- Structural principles of insulin formulation and analog design: A century of innovation.Molecular metabolism · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 9 institutions in 6 countries.
Funding
Abstract
aims/hypothesisThe aim of this work was to investigate the relationship between use of certain insulins and risk for cancer, when addressing the limitations and biases involved in previous studies.
methodsNational Health Registries from Denmark (1996-2010), Finland (1996-2011), Norway (2005-2010) and Sweden (2007-2012) and the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink database (1987-2013) were used to conduct a cohort study on new insulin users (N = 327,112). By using a common data model and semi-aggregate approach, we pooled individual-level records from five cohorts and applied Poisson regression models. For each of ten cancer sites studied, we estimated the rate ratios (RRs) by duration (≤0.5, 0.5-1, 1-2, 2-3, 3-4, 4-5, 5-6 and >6 years) of cumulative exposure to insulin glargine or insulin detemir relative to that of human insulin.
resultsA total of 21,390 cancer cases occurred during a mean follow-up of 4.6 years. No trend with cumulative treatment time for insulin glargine relative to human insulin was observed in risk for any of the ten studied cancer types. Of the 136 associations tested in the main analysis, only a few increased and decreased risks were found: among women, a higher risk was observed for colorectal (RR 1.54, 95% CI 1.06, 2.25) and endometrial cancer (RR 1.78, 95% CI 1.07, 2.94) for ≤0.5 years of treatment and for malignant melanoma for 2-3 years (RR 1.92, 95% CI 1.02, 3.61) and 4-5 years (RR 3.55, 95% CI 1.68, 7.47]); among men, a lower risk was observed for pancreatic cancer for 2-3 years (RR 0.34, 95% CI 0.17, 0.66) and for liver cancer for 3-4 years (RR 0.36, 95% CI 0.14, 0.94) and >6 years (RR 0.22, 95% CI 0.05, 0.92). Comparisons of insulin detemir with human insulin also showed no consistent differences. CONCLUSIONS/
interpretationThe present multi-country study found no evidence of consistent differences in risk for ten cancers for insulin glargine or insulin detemir use compared with human insulin, at follow-up exceeding 5 years.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.