ArticleRoyal Society open science2017
Sex-specific association patterns in bonobos and chimpanzees reflect species differences in cooperation.
Article in Royal Society open science, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 99 citations in OpenAlex.
- Female Affiliation and Status in Semi-Free-Ranging Chimpanzees.American journal of biological anthropology · 2026Article
- Human Reproductive Egalitarianism: A Catalyst for the Evolution of Personality Traits.Clinical neuropsychiatry · 2025Article
- Homophily in social and demographic traits predict association patterns in female western and mountain gorillas.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2024Article
- Reproductive inequality among males in the genusPhilosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2023Review
- Chimpanzee communities differ in their inter- and intrasexual social relationships.Learning & behavior · 2023Article
- Sex differences in cooperative coalitions: a mammalian perspective.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2023Article
- Association patterns of female gorillas.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2023Article
- Flexibility in the social structure of male chimpanzees (Royal Society open science · 2022Article
- Plasma Testosterone and Androstenedione Levels Follow the Same Sex-Specific Patterns in the TwoBiology · 2022Article
- Characterization ofProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- The origins of human cumulative culture: from the foraging niche to collective intelligence.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2022Article
- A socio-ecological perspective on the gestural communication of great ape species, individuals, and social units.Ethology, ecology & evolution · 2022Review
- The founder sociality hypothesis.Ecology and evolution · 2021Article
- Attractiveness of female sexual signaling predicts differences in female grouping patterns between bonobos and chimpanzees.Communications biology · 2021Article
- Assessing joint commitment as a process in great apes.iScience · 2021Article
- Cofeeding tolerance in chimpanzees depends on group composition: a longitudinal study across four communities.iScience · 2021Article
- Targeted helping and cooperation in zoo-living chimpanzees and bonobos.Royal Society open science · 2021Article
- Age and sex differences in juvenile bonobos in party associations with their mothers at Wamba.Primates; journal of primatology · 2021Article
- Article
- Long-term repeatability in social behaviour suggests stable social phenotypes in wild chimpanzees.Royal Society open science · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 7 institutions in 8 countries.
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Abstract
In several group-living species, individuals' social preferences are thought to be influenced by cooperation. For some societies with fission-fusion dynamics, sex-specific association patterns reflect sex differences in cooperation in within- and between-group contexts. In our study, we investigated this hypothesis further by comparing sex-specific association patterns in two closely related species, chimpanzees and bonobos, which differ in the level of between-group competition and in the degree to which sex and kinship influence dyadic cooperation. Here, we used long-term party composition data collected on five chimpanzee and two bonobo communities and assessed, for each individual of 10 years and older, the sex of its top associate and of all conspecifics with whom it associated more frequently than expected by chance. We found clear species differences in association patterns. While in all chimpanzee communities males and females associated more with same-sex partners, in bonobos males and females tended to associate preferentially with females, but the female association preference for other females is lower than in chimpanzees. Our results also show that, for bonobos (but not for chimpanzees), association patterns were predominantly driven by mother-offspring relationships. These species differences in association patterns reflect the high levels of male-male cooperation in chimpanzees and of mother-son cooperation in bonobos. Finally, female chimpanzees showed intense association with a few other females, and male chimpanzees showed more uniform association across males. In bonobos, the most differentiated associations were from males towards females. Chimpanzee male association patterns mirror fundamental human male social traits and, as in humans, may have evolved as a response to strong between-group competition. The lack of such a pattern in a closely related species with a lower degree of between-group competition further supports this notion.
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