ArticleExperimental and therapeutic medicine2017
Difference in protective effects of GIP and GLP-1 on endothelial cells according to cyclic adenosine monophosphate response.
Article in Experimental and therapeutic medicine, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- GIP as a Potential Therapeutic Target for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease-A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Pooled it
- Evaluation of drug interactions of saxagliptin with sildenafil in healthy volunteers.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2022Trial
- Dysfunctional adipose tissue-lymphatic crosstalk in obesity.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2026Review
- The promoting roles of GLP1R and GIPR in stemness maintenance and multiple lineage-specific differentiation of PDLSCs.Cellular & molecular biology letters · 2026Article
- Beyond glycemic control: clinical cardiovascular effects of tirzepatide-a narrative review.Therapeutic advances in endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Review
- The Roles of Incretin Hormones GIP and GLP-1 in Metabolic and Cardiovascular Health: A Comprehensive Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- The Impact of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists on Erectile Function: Friend or Foe?Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Immune and Vascular Function in Cardiometabolic Disorders: Interplay With Sex Differences and Impact on Incretin Therapy.Acta physiologica (Oxford, England) · 2025Review
- GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Myocardial Perfusion: Bridging Mechanisms to Clinical Outcomes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- The Interplay Between Immunity, Inflammation and Endothelial Dysfunction.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Metabolic Syndrome, Kidney-Related Adiposity, and Kidney Microcirculation: Unraveling the Damage.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Bridging the gap between GLP1-receptor agonists and cardiovascular outcomes: evidence for the role of tirzepatide.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2024Review
- Heparin Oligosaccharides as Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Inhibitors via their Binding Process Characterization.Current protein & peptide science · 2024Article
- Bile acids and incretins as modulators of obesity-associated atherosclerosis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Review
- Incretins and microvascular complications of diabetes: neuropathy, nephropathy, retinopathy and microangiopathy.Diabetologia · 2023Review
- Gut Molecules in Cardiometabolic Diseases: The Mechanisms behind the Story.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Usefulness of circulating EPAC1 as biomarkers of therapeutic response to GLP-1 receptor agonists.Acta diabetologica · 2022Article
- Oral and intravenous glucose administration elicit opposing microvascular blood flow responses in skeletal muscle of healthy people: role of incretins.The Journal of physiology · 2022Article
- Protective Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) and Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training (MICT) against Vascular Dysfunction in Hyperglycemic Rats.Journal of nutrition and metabolism · 2022Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Receptors for glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) are present in vascular endothelial cells. Previous studies investigating euglycemic status have demonstrated that GIP is directly involved in the physiology of blood vessels by controlling the blood flow rate of portal veins and that GLP-1 has a protective effect on blood vessels by acting on endothelial cells. However, to the best of our knowledge, the effects of GIP and GLP-1 on endothelial cells in patients with hyperglycemia remain unknown. Therefore, the present study investigated whether the effect of the incretin hormones GLP-1 and GIP differed with regards to the reversal of endothelial cell dysfunction caused by hyperglycemia. The production of nitric oxide (NO) was measured using the Griess reagent system kit and the expression of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in the cell was measured at a wavelength of 405 nm with the ELISA reader using the cyclic AMP EIA kit. Exposure of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) to a high glucose concentration decreased NO and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) levels but increased inducible NOS (iNOS) levels. However, when HUVECs were pretreated with GLP-1, a reduction of iNOS expression was observed and the expression of eNOS and NO were increased, as opposed to pretreatment with GIP. The results differed according to the response of cAMP, the second messenger of incretin hormones: The GIP pretreatment group did not exhibit an increase in cAMP levels while the GLP-1 pretreatment group did. The results of the present study provide evidence that GLP-1, but not GIP, has a protective effect on endothelial function associated with cardiovascular disease, as it is associated with increased eNOS expression and the levels of NO. This effect may be due to an increase in the cAMP concentration during hyperglycemic events.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.