SynthesisThe Laryngoscope2017
Smoking and olfactory dysfunction: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in The Laryngoscope, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04617444 (Substudy of Efficacy, Safety and Toxicology of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems as an Aid for Smoking Cessation), which is not on this map. Cited by 76 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Substudy of Efficacy, Safety and Toxicology of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems as an Aid for Smoking Cessation (ESTxENDS Trial)- the Olfactory Function Substudy of ESTxENDS
Who cites it
76 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 121 citations in OpenAlex.
- Olfaction in pregnancy: systematic review and meta-analysis.Chemical senses · 2022Pooled it
- User perception of fluoride mouthwashes for daily use: A randomized clinical trial.International journal of dental hygiene · 2025Trial
- Updated Percentiles for the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test in Adults 50 Years of Age and Older.Neurology · 2023Trial
- Lipidomic profile of human nasal mucosa and associations with circulating fatty acids and olfactory deficiency.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- Epidemiology of olfactory dysfunction in China: a nationwide population-based cross-sectional study.Annals of medicine · 2026Article
- Blood-based biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease and olfactory decline over 15 years in older adults.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Impact of Septoplasty on Cognitive Function.Medeniyet medical journal · 2026Article
- Correlation Between theEpidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Age-related changes in olfactory function: electrophysiological recordings from the olfactory mucosa and human brain.npj aging · 2026Article
- Single-nucleus analysis of the adult human olfactory epithelium uncovers shared neurogenesis programs with the brain.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Elucidating the burden of dual-sensory impairment in community-based older individuals in a multi-ethnic society.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Associations of combined smoking and drinking with subjective and objective olfactory dysfunction: A secondary dataset analysis of NHANES 2013-2014.Tobacco induced diseases · 2026Article
- Impaired olfactory function in substance use disorder.Psychopharmacology · 2025Article
- A Narrative Review of Metallomic Studies: Revealing the Toxic Metal Burden in Tobacco Smokers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Who Likes Sweets? Sweet Patterns: Influence of Sex, Age, Body Mass Index, Smoking and Olfactory Efficiency on the Consumption of Sweet Products.Nutrients · 2025Article
- IMPAIRED OLFACTORY FUNCTION IN SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Gene-Smoking Interaction in Insulin Sensitivity and β-Cell Function Among Normal Glucose Tolerance Individuals.Journal of diabetes · 2025Article
- Brain-wide pleiotropy investigation of alcohol drinking and tobacco smoking behaviors.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
- Pharmacovigilance imbalance analysis of VEGFR-TKI-related taste and smell disorders.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Olfaction and diabetes among older adults.Chemical senses · 2025Article
16 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectives/hypothesisA systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature was undertaken, examining the association between tobacco smoking and olfactory function in humans, utilizing PubMed and Web of Science (1970-2015) as data sources. STUDY
designSystematic literature review and meta-analysis.
methodsThis database review of studies of smoking and olfaction, with a focus on identifying high-quality studies (based on modified versions of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale), used validated olfactory tests among the generally healthy population.
resultsWe identified 11 studies meeting inclusion criteria. Of 10 cross-sectional studies, two were excluded from meta-analysis because the cohorts they studied were included in another article in the review. In meta-analysis, current smokers had substantially higher odds of olfactory dysfunction compared to never smokers (odds ratio [OR] = 1.59, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.37-1.85). In contrast, former smokers were found to have no difference in risk of impaired olfaction compared to never smokers (OR = 1.05, 95% CI = 0.91-1.21). The single longitudinal study reviewed found a trend toward increased risk of olfactory decline over time in ever smokers; this trend was stronger in current as compared to former smokers.
conclusionsCurrent smoking, but not former smoking, is associated with significantly increased risk of olfactory dysfunction, suggesting that the effects of smoking on olfaction may be reversible. Future studies that prospectively evaluate the impact of smoking cessation on improvement in olfactory function are warranted. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: N/A. Laryngoscope, 127:1753-1761, 2017.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.