ArticleHealth services research2018
Comparing the Effectiveness of Dynamic Treatment Strategies Using Electronic Health Records: An Application of the Parametric g-Formula to Anemia Management Strategies.
Article in Health services research, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Reporting of Observational Studies Explicitly Aiming to Emulate Randomized Trials: A Systematic Review.JAMA network open · 2023Pooled it
- The Relationship of Pain Reduction With Prevention of Knee Replacement Under Dynamic Intervention Strategies.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2022Trial
- Evaluating Darbepoetin Treatment Strategies for Managing Anaemia in Haemodialysis Patients: Effects on All-Cause Mortality From a Target Trial Emulation Using Electronic Health Record Data.Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety · 2026Article
- Impact of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors discontinuation in advanced chronic kidney disease: a target trial emulation.Clinical kidney journal · 2026Article
- Timing of urate-lowering therapy and risk of kidney failure and mortality in CKD: an application of the parametric G-formula.Clinical kidney journal · 2026Article
- Methodologies for the Emulation of Biomarker-Guided Trials Using Observational Data: A Systematic Review.Journal of personalized medicine · 2025Review
- Stopping Versus Continuing Metformin in Patients With Advanced CKD: A Nationwide Scottish Target Trial Emulation Study.American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation · 2025 · on this mapObservational
- Early Addition of Selexipag to Double Therapy for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Evaluating Model Specification When Using the Parametric G-Formula in the Presence of Censoring.American journal of epidemiology · 2023Article
- Implementation of the trial emulation approach in medical research: a scoping review.BMC medical research methodology · 2023Article
- Randomized controlled trials of biomarker targets.Clinical trials (London, England) · 2023Article
- No short-term mortality from benzodiazepine use post-acute ischemic stroke after accounting for bias.Journal of clinical epidemiology · 2023Article
- Effects of Low-Flux and High-Flux Dialysis Membranes on Erythropoietin Responsiveness in Hemodialysis Patients.International journal of nephrology · 2022Article
- Parametric g-formula implementations for causal survival analyses.Biometrics · 2021Article
- Association of a Shortened Duration of Adjuvant Chemotherapy With Overall Survival Among Individuals With Stage III Colon Cancer.JAMA network open · 2021Article
- A scoping review of studies using observational data to optimise dynamic treatment regimens.BMC medical research methodology · 2021Article
- Contemporary use of real-world data for clinical trial conduct in the United States: a scoping review.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA · 2021Article
- Avoiding Time-Related Biases: A Feasibility Study on Antidiabetic Drugs and Pancreatic Cancer Applying the Parametric g-Formula to a Large German Healthcare Database.Clinical epidemiology · 2021Article
- Hypothetical blood-pressure-lowering interventions and risk of stroke and dementia.European journal of epidemiology · 2021Article
- The role of causal inference in health services research II: a framework for causal inference.International journal of public health · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo compare the effectiveness of dynamic anemia management strategies by applying the parametric g-formula to electronic health records. DATA SOURCE/STUDY
settingPatients with end-stage renal disease from the US Renal Data System who had congestive heart failure or ischemic heart disease and were undergoing hemodialysis in outpatient dialysis facilities between 2006 and 2010. STUDY
designWe explicitly emulated a target trial of three erythropoietin dosing strategies (aimed at achieving a low, middle, or high hematocrit) and estimated the observational analog of the per-protocol effect.
resultsOf 156,945 eligible patients, 41,970 died during the 18-month follow-up. Compared to the low-hematocrit strategy, the estimated risk of death was 4.6 (95% CI 4.4-4.9) percentage points higher under the high-hematocrit strategy and 1.8 (95% CI 1.7-1.9) percentage points higher under the mid-hematocrit strategy. The corresponding risk differences for a composite outcome of death and myocardial infarction were similar.
conclusionAn explicit emulation of a target trial using electronic health records, combined with the parametric g-formula, allowed comparison of real-world dynamic strategies that have not been compared in randomized trials.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.