Observational studyBMJ open2017
Violent injury predicts poor psychological outcomes after traumatic injury in a hard-to-reach population: an observational cohort study.
Observational study in BMJ open, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- The health effects associated with physical, sexual and psychological gender-based violence against men and women: a Burden of Proof study.Nature human behaviour · 2025Pooled it
- Early referral of trauma patients to dedicated trauma psychology service: An observational study screening for post-traumatic stress disorder and depression.Qatar medical journal · 2025Article
- Social support in relation to posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms among patients with violent versus nonviolent injury.Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy · 2024Article
- The Psychological and Somatic Consequences of Digital Amputation.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2022Article
- Lifetime Prevalence of Victimization and Perpetration as Related to Men's Health: Clinical Insights.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Article
- Patient-Reported Symptoms after Midfacial Trauma.Surgery journal (New York, N.Y.) · 2022Article
- Article
- Prevalence and predictors of psychological distress following injury: findings from a prospective cohort study.Injury epidemiology · 2021Article
- Analysis of Factors Affecting Quality of Life in Patients Treated for Maxillofacial Fractures.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPeople who experience physical trauma face a range of psychosocial outcomes. These may be overlooked by busy clinicians. While some risk factors are understood, understanding of the psychological effects of violent injury remains limited, particularly in UK settings. This study compared psychological outcomes following interpersonal violence and accidental injury, including the persistence of psychological distress.
methodsA questionnaire survey was carried out at two time points of patients admitted to a large teaching hospital in London between July 2012 and April 2014. Participants were consecutive adult patients admitted to the Royal London Hospital with traumatic injuries, with 219 participants at baseline. Follow-up survey was 8 months later (n=109). Standardised measures assessed post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) (Acute Stress Disorder Scale and PTSD Checklist) and depressive symptoms (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale).
resultsPTSS and depressive symptoms affected 27% and 33%, respectively, at baseline. At 8 months, 27% and 31% reported these symptoms for PTSS and depressive symptoms, respectively. The repeated measures were assessed with multilevel models: after adjusting for demographic factors, patients with violent injury showed more PTSS (OR 6.27, 95% CI 1.90 to 20.66) and depressive symptoms (OR 3.12, 95% CI 1.08 to 8.99).
conclusionsThere were high levels of psychological distress among traumatic injury patients. Violent injuries were associated with an increased risk of both post-traumatic and depressive symptoms. People vulnerable to distress would benefit from psychological support, and hospital admission provides a unique opportunity to engage hard-to-reach groups in interventions.
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