ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2017
Cortical neurons multiplex reward-related signals along with sensory and motor information.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effects of Different Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Targets for Enhancing Motor Learning: A Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial.Neural plasticity · 2026Trial
- Intracortical BCI Performance is Robust to Changes in Attentional Load During Dual-Tasking.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Hierarchical Distribution of Reward Representation in the Cortical and Hippocampal Regions.eNeuro · 2026Article
- 3M-CPSEED, An EEG-based Dataset for Chinese Pinyin Production in Overt, Mouthed, and Imagined Speech.Scientific data · 2025Article
- Mapping neural subspace dynamics onto the structure of the mouse descending motor system.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Uncertainty Shapes Neural Dynamics in Motor Cortex During Reaching.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Out of the single-neuron straitjacket: Neurons within assemblies change selectivity and their reconfiguration underlies dynamic coding.The Journal of physiology · 2025Article
- Reward influences movement vigor through multiple motor cortical mechanisms.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Article
- Mapping Eye, Arm, and Reward Information in Frontal Motor Cortices Using Electrocorticography in Nonhuman Primates.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025Article
- Reward signals in the motor cortex: from biology to neurotechnology.Nature communications · 2025Review
- An examination of the cognitive and affective processes in errorless motor learning: study protocol.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- A neural basis of choking under pressure.Neuron · 2024Article
- Mapping eye, arm, and reward information in frontal motor cortices using electrocorticography in non-human primates.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Increased Excitability of Layer 2 Cortical Pyramidal Neurons in the Supplementary Motor Cortex Underlies High Cocaine-Seeking Behaviors.Biological psychiatry · 2023Article
- The LightGBM-based classification algorithm for Chinese characters speech imagery BCI system.Cognitive neurodynamics · 2023Article
- Neural representation and modulation of volitional motivation in response to escalating efforts.The Journal of physiology · 2023Article
- Losses resulting from deliberate exploration trigger beta oscillations in frontal cortex.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Article
- Article
- Functional architecture of executive control and associated event-related potentials in macaques.Nature communications · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
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Abstract
Rewards are known to influence neural activity associated with both motor preparation and execution. This influence can be exerted directly upon the primary motor (M1) and somatosensory (S1) cortical areas via the projections from reward-sensitive dopaminergic neurons of the midbrain ventral tegmental areas. However, the neurophysiological manifestation of reward-related signals in M1 and S1 are not well understood. Particularly, it is unclear how the neurons in these cortical areas multiplex their traditional functions related to the control of spatial and temporal characteristics of movements with the representation of rewards. To clarify this issue, we trained rhesus monkeys to perform a center-out task in which arm movement direction, reward timing, and magnitude were manipulated independently. Activity of several hundred cortical neurons was simultaneously recorded using chronically implanted microelectrode arrays. Many neurons (9-27%) in both M1 and S1 exhibited activity related to reward anticipation. Additionally, neurons in these areas responded to a mismatch between the reward amount given to the monkeys and the amount they expected: A lower-than-expected reward caused a transient increase in firing rate in 60-80% of the total neuronal sample, whereas a larger-than-expected reward resulted in a decreased firing rate in 20-35% of the neurons. Moreover, responses of M1 and S1 neurons to reward omission depended on the direction of movements that led to those rewards. These observations suggest that sensorimotor cortical neurons corepresent rewards and movement-related activity, presumably to enable reward-based learning.
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