SynthesisBMC pregnancy and childbirth2017
Incidence of influenza virus infection among pregnant women: a systematic review.
Synthesis in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Spotlight influenza: Laboratory-confirmed seasonal influenza in people with acute respiratory illness: a literature review and meta-analysis, WHO European Region, 2004 to 2017.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2021Pooled it
- Impact of Influenza Vaccination during Pregnancy on Maternal Influenza Disease Severity in Rural Nepal.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2026Trial
- Heterogeneity in seasonal influenza vaccination opportunity and disease risk during pregnancy and in infants <6 months.Vaccine · 2025Article
- Immune Response and Serum Biomarker Screening in Pregnant Women with Influenza A Virus Infection: Insight into Susceptibility and Disease Severity.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Influenza Activity and Preterm Birth in the Atlanta Metropolitan Area: A Time-Series Analysis from 2010 to 2017.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Toward understanding sexual immune dimorphism in humans.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- The added value of serologic testing: A comparison of influenza incidence among pregnant persons based on molecular-based surveillance versus serologic testing.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2024Article
- Review
- Pathogenesis of viral infections during pregnancy.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2024Review
- Web-based intervention for improving influenza vaccination in pregnant women: a cost-effectiveness analysis.Pathogens and global health · 2024Article
- Article
- Risk of severe influenza infection in women with a history of pregnancy complications: A longitudinal cohort study.PloS one · 2024Article
- Updating an Overview of Teratology.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2024Article
- Acute respiratory infections among individuals seeking outpatient care in the states of Washington and Michigan by pregnancy status, 2011-2016.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2023Article
- Influenza-associated respiratory illness among five cohorts of pregnant women and their young infants (0-6 months), Bangladesh, 2013-2017.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2023Article
- Biological Sex and Pregnancy Affect Influenza Pathogenesis and Vaccination.Current topics in microbiology and immunology · 2023Article
- Incidence of influenza and other respiratory viruses among pregnant women: A multi-country, multiyear cohort.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2022Article
- The burden of influenza among Kenyan pregnant and postpartum women and their infants, 2015-2020.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2022Article
- Performance of Symptom-Based Case Definitions to Identify Influenza Virus Infection Among Pregnant Women in Middle-Income Countries: Findings From the Pregnancy and Influenza Multinational Epidemiologic (PRIME) Study.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021Article
- Lessons learned from the A (H1N1) influenza pandemic.Best practice & research. Clinical obstetrics & gynaecology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
10 authors at 8 institutions in 7 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe World Health Organization (WHO) considers pregnant women to be a risk group for severe influenza disease. We conducted a systematic review to evaluate influenza disease incidence in pregnant women in order to inform estimates of influenza vaccine impact for low-resource countries.
methodsWe performed electronic literature searches, targeting studies on the following outcomes in pregnant women: attack rate, hospitalization rate, intensive care unit admission rate, mortality rate, and disability-adjusted life years lost. Only original studies published in peer-reviewed journals that had laboratory confirmation for influenza virus infection and included population-based incidence rates with denominator data were included. We summarized study characteristics in descriptive tables and outcome-specific Forest plots. We generated summary incidence rates using random effects models and assessed statistical heterogeneity by visual examination of Forest plots, and by χ
resultsWe identified 1543 articles, of which nine articles met the study inclusion criteria. Five were case series, three were cohort studies, and one was a randomized controlled trial. Eight studies were from high-income countries, and one was from an upper middle-income country. Six studies reported results for pandemic influenza, and three reported seasonal influenza. Statistical heterogeneity was high for all outcomes, and methodologies and duration of surveillance varied considerably among studies; therefore, we did not perform meta-analyses.
conclusionsStudy quality was very low according to GRADE criteria. More data on influenza disease incidence in pregnant women, particularly in low- and middle-income countries and for seasonal influenza disease, are needed to inform public health decision-making.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.