ArticleAmerican journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989)2017
Estradiol and progesterone influence on influenza infection and immune response in a mouse model.
Article in American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989), 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Endogenous Sex Hormones Explain Variation in Long-Term SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Persistence Beyond Biological Sex.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Genome-Wide RNAi Screening Identifies Novel Host Factors Involved in Influenza A Virus Infection in A549 Cells.Viruses · 2026Article
- Impact of menopausal hormone therapy on influenza complications in women: a systematic assessment study.Annals of medicine · 2025Article
- Proteins in pregnant swine serum promote the African swine fever virus replication: an iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis.Virology journal · 2023Article
- How Estrogen, Testosterone, and Sex Differences Influence Serum Immunoglobulin Isotype Patterns in Mice and Humans.Viruses · 2023Article
- Impact of progesterone on innate immunity and cell death after influenza A virus H1N1 2009 infection of lung and placental cells in vitro.Frontiers in virology (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Early prognosis of respiratory virus shedding in humans.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Vaccination of pregnant women against influenza: what is the optimal timing?Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2021Article
- [COVID-19 from the perspective of a gynecological endocrinologist].Gynakologische endokrinologie · 2021Article
- Influenza in High-Risk Hosts-Lessons Learned from Animal Models.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine · 2020Review
- The intersection of sex and gender in the treatment of influenza.Current opinion in virology · 2019Review
- Sex and sex steroids impact influenza pathogenesis across the life course.Seminars in immunopathology · 2019Review
- Influenza Pathogenesis: The Effect of Host Factors on Severity of Disease.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2019Review
- Pregnancy level of estradiol attenuated virus-specific humoral immune response in H5N1-infected female mice despite inducing anti-inflammatory protection.Emerging microbes & infections · 2019Article
- Estriol Reduces Pulmonary Immune Cell Recruitment and Inflammation to Protect Female Mice From Severe Influenza.Endocrinology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
problemInfluenza infection severity may be mediated by estradiol and/or progesterone. METHOD OF STUDY: An exploratory study was designed to evaluate 17-β-estradiol and progesterone on influenza infection and examine immune-mediated response in a mouse model. Inoculation with placebo or mouse-adapted H1N1 influenza virus occurred. Treatment groups included 17-β-estradiol, progesterone, ovariectomy, and pregnancy. Mice were assessed for morbidity and mortality. Toll-like receptor gene studies and airspace cell differentials were performed.
resultsOnset of morbidity was earlier and morbidity duration greater for progesterone. Absence of morbidity/mortality and overall survival was greater for 17-β-estradiol. Airspace cell differentials suggest improved immune cell recruitment for 17-β-estradiol. Pregnant mouse data demonstrate significant mortality during the period of increased progesterone. Select immune cell markers demonstrate patterns of regulation that may promote proper immune response to influenza infection for 17-β-estradiol.
conclusionEstradiol may play a protective and progesterone a detrimental role in the pathophysiology of influenza infection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.