ArticleDiabetes technology & therapeutics2017
Faster Use and Fewer Failures with Needle-Free Nasal Glucagon Versus Injectable Glucagon in Severe Hypoglycemia Rescue: A Simulation Study.
Article in Diabetes technology & therapeutics, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 87 citations in OpenAlex.
- Recommendations for recognizing, risk stratifying, treating, and managing children and adolescents with hypoglycemia.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Pooled it
- A Comparative Study of Dasiglucagon Ready-to-Use Autoinjector and Glucagon Emergency Kit During Rescue from Simulated Severe Hypoglycemia.Diabetes technology & therapeutics · 2022Trial
- Comparison of a ready-to-use liquid glucagon injection administered by autoinjector to glucagon emergency kit for the symptomatic relief of severe hypoglycemia: two randomized crossover non-inferiority studies.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2021Trial
- Dasiglucagon, a next-generation ready-to-use glucagon analog, for treatment of severe hypoglycemia in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: Results of a phase 3, randomized controlled trial.Pediatric diabetes · 2021Trial
- Nasal glucagon as a viable alternative for treating insulin-induced hypoglycaemia in Japanese patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes: A phase 3 randomized crossover study.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2020Trial
- Prospective study evaluating the use of nasal glucagon for the treatment of moderate to severe hypoglycaemia in adults with type 1 diabetes in a real-world setting.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2018Trial
- Effects of common cold and concomitant administration of nasal decongestant on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of nasal glucagon in otherwise healthy participants: A randomized clinical trial.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2018Trial
- Observations of Glucagon-Prescribing Patterns for High-Risk People With Diabetes Within a Federally Qualified Health Center.Diabetes spectrum : a publication of the American Diabetes Association · 2025Article
- Prescriptions and Reimbursement of Glucagon Products for Severe Hypoglycemia in Medicaid.JAMA · 2025Article
- Nasal Glucagon Reverses Insulin-induced Hypoglycemia With Less Rebound Hyperglycemia: Pooled Analysis of Clinical Trials.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2024Article
- Glucagon fill rates and cost among children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes in the United States, 2011-2021.Diabetes research and clinical practice · 2023Article
- People With Diabetes and Caregivers Prefer Rescue Glucagon Treatment With a Wider Storage Temperature Range and a Nasal Administration, When Efficacy is Similar: A Discrete Choice Experiment in Spain.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2023Article
- Systematic Literature Review and Indirect Treatment Comparison of Three Ready-to-Use Glucagon Treatments for Severe Hypoglycemia.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2023Review
- Emerging Adult and Caregiver Psychosocial Experiences with Severe Hypoglycemic Events and the Perceived Impact of Nasal Glucagon: A Cross-Sectional Study.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2023Article
- Assessing Parental Competence and Self-Ratings in Management of Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes and Emergency Glucagon Administration-An Exploratory Observational Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Implantable device with magnetically rotating disk for needle-free administrations of emergency drug.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2023Article
- Management of Type 1 Diabetes in a school setting: effectiveness of an online training program for school staff.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2022: Assessment and management of hypoglycemia in children and adolescents with diabetes.Pediatric diabetes · 2022Article
- Nasal Glucagon.Hospital pharmacy · 2022Review
- Not only for caregivers: intranasal glucagon for severe hypoglycaemia in a simulation study.Acta diabetologica · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDuring severe hypoglycemic episodes, people with diabetes depend on others to help with treatment. We compared needle-free nasal glucagon and commercially available injectable glucagon for ease of use by caregivers of people with diabetes and by others in treating simulated episodes of severe hypoglycemia.
methodsSixteen instructed caregivers and 15 noninstructed acquaintances administered nasal and injectable glucagon to manikins, simulating unconscious people with diabetes during severe hypoglycemia episodes.
resultsWith nasal glucagon, 15 caregivers (94%) and 14 acquaintances (93%) administered a full dose (mean time 0.27 and 0.44 min, respectively). One caregiver and one acquaintance did not administer nasal glucagon because they did not fully depress the plunger on the device. Two caregivers deliberately administered both insulin and nasal glucagon, believing that insulin would also help the patient. With injectable glucagon, eight caregivers (50%) injected glucagon (mean time 1.89 min), but only two (13%) administered the full dose. Three acquaintances (20%) injected a partial dose of injectable glucagon (mean time 2.40 min); none gave a full dose. Errors included injecting diluent only, bending the needle, and injecting with an empty syringe. Two caregivers and one acquaintance injected insulin because they confused insulin with injectable glucagon.
conclusionsMore than 90% of participants delivered full doses of nasal glucagon, while 13% and 0% of caregivers and acquaintances delivered full doses of injectable glucagon, indicating that nasal glucagon is easier for nonmedically trained people to administer. Thus, nasal glucagon has the potential to substantially improve treatment for patients experiencing a life-threatening episode of severe hypoglycemia.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.