SynthesisEuropean journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics2018
Population Pharmacokinetic Analyses of Lithium: A Systematic Review.
Synthesis in European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pharmacokinetic variability of phenobarbital: a systematic review of population pharmacokinetic analysis.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2021Pooled it
- A one-compartment model provides benchmark Lithium dose prediction.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- Lithium Augmentation in Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Qualitative Review of the Literature.Pharmacotherapy · 2025Review
- Lithium and neuroprotection: a review of molecular targets and biological effects at subtherapeutic concentrations in preclinical models of Alzheimer's disease.International journal of bipolar disorders · 2025Review
- Exploring the clinical factors affecting lithium dose and plasma level and the effect of brand.Therapeutic advances in psychopharmacology · 2024Article
- External Evaluation of Population Pharmacokinetics Models of Lithium in the Bipolar Population.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Decrease in Serum Lithium Levels Induced by Ursodeoxycholic Acid: A Case Report.Psychiatry and clinical psychopharmacology · 2021Article
- Population Pharmacokinetics of Lithium in Young Pediatric Patients With Intellectual Disability.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Article
- Lithium as a candidate treatment for COVID-19: Promises and pitfalls.Drug development research · 2020Article
- How to Handle Delayed or Missed Doses: A Population Pharmacokinetic Perspective.European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics · 2020Review
- Assessment of Extracorporeal Treatments in Poisoning criteria for the decision of extracorporeal toxin removal in lithium poisoning.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2020Article
- Population pharmacokinetic modeling of sustained release lithium in the serum, erythrocytes and urine of patients with bipolar disorder.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2019Article
- Factors related to lithium blood concentrations in Chinese Han patients with bipolar disorder.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectivesEven though lithium has been used for the treatment of bipolar disorder for several decades, its toxicities are still being reported. The major limitation in the use of lithium is its narrow therapeutic window. Several methods have been proposed to predict lithium doses essential to attain therapeutic levels. One of the methods used to guide lithium therapy is population pharmacokinetic approach which accounts for inter- and intra-individual variability in predicting lithium doses. Several population pharmacokinetic studies of lithium have been conducted. The objective of this review is to provide information on population pharmacokinetics of lithium focusing on nonlinear mixed effect modeling approach and to summarize significant factors affecting lithium pharmacokinetics.
methodsA literature search was conducted from PubMed database from inception to December, 2016. Studies conducted in humans, using lithium as a study drug, providing population pharmacokinetic analyses of lithium by means of nonlinear mixed effect modeling, were included in this review.
resultsTwenty-four articles were identified from the database. Seventeen articles were excluded based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A total of seven articles were included in this review. Of these, only one study reported a combined population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model of lithium. Lithium pharmacokinetics were explained using both one- and two-compartment models. The significant predictors of lithium clearance identified in most studies were renal function and body size. One study reported a significant effect of age on lithium clearance. The typical values of lithium clearance ranged from 0.41 to 9.39 L/h. The magnitude of inter-individual variability on lithium clearance ranged from 12.7 to 25.1%. Only two studies evaluated the models using external data sets.
conclusionsModel methodologies in each study are summarized and discussed in this review. For future perspective, a population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic study of lithium is recommended. Moreover, external validation of previously published models should be performed.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.