Evidence map›Paper›PMID 28553727›Full record

ReviewPsychology & health2017

Tobacco smoking: Health impact, prevalence, correlates and interventions.

Robert West

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Psychology & health, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 268 papers, 10 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
268citing papers in PubMed, 10 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

268 citing papers in PubMed, 10 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Guideline
  4. Guideline
  5. Pooled it
  6. Pooled it
  7. Mindfulness for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2022
    Pooled it
  8. Pooled it
  9. Pooled it
  10. I am what I am: A meta-analysis of the association between substance user identities and substance use-related outcomes.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2021
    Pooled it
  11. Trial
  12. Does gender expression matter in tailoring anti-smoking messages for sexual and gender minority young adults?Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2026
    Trial
  13. Trial
  14. Trial
  15. Demographic factors and rural residence history associated with smoking history.Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners · 2026
    Article
  16. Review
  17. Reframing the Performance and Ethics of Empathic AI: Wisdom of the Crowd and Placebos.Perspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science · 2026
    Article
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Review

208 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author.

Robert Westa Department of Behavioural Science and Health , University College London , London , UK.

Funding

Cancer Research UK 22962Medical Research Council MR/K023195/1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND

objectivesDespite reductions in prevalence in recent years, tobacco smoking remains one of the main preventable causes of ill-health and premature death worldwide. This paper reviews the extent and nature of harms caused by smoking, the benefits of stopping, patterns of smoking, psychological, pharmacological and social factors that contribute to uptake and maintenance of smoking, the effectiveness of population and individual level interventions aimed at combatting tobacco smoking, and the effectiveness of methods used to reduce the harm caused by continued use of tobacco or nicotine in some form. RESULTS AND

conclusionsSmoking behaviour is maintained primarily by the positive and negative reinforcing properties of nicotine delivered rapidly in a way that is affordable and palatable, with the negative health consequences mostly being sufficiently uncertain and distant in time not to create sufficient immediate concern to deter the behaviour. Raising immediate concerns about smoking by tax increases, social marketing and brief advice from health professionals can increase the rate at which smokers try to stop. Providing behavioural and pharmacological support can improve the rate at which those quit attempts succeed. Implementing national programmes containing these components are effective in reducing tobacco smoking prevalence and reducing smoking-related death and disease.

Indexed as

SmokingHealth PromotionHumansPrevalenceRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicRisk FactorsSmoking Preventionaddictionsmokingtobacco

Identifiers

PMID28553727
PMCPMC5490618

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.