Trial reportDrug design, development and therapy2017
Effects of metformin extended release compared to immediate release formula on glycemic control and glycemic variability in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Trial report in Drug design, development and therapy, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Comparative efficacy and safety of glucose-lowering drugs in children and adolescents with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Pooled it
- Pharmacokinetics of fixed-dose combination of atorvastatin and metformin compared with individual tablets.Drug design, development and therapy · 2019Trial
- Observational
- From Adipose Tissue to Endothelial Cells-Pleiotropic Role of Vaspin in Pathogenesis of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Efficacy of immediate-release versus extended-release metformin on glycemic control and insulin resistance in Saudi patients with type 2 diabetes: A prospective cohort study.Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences · 2025Article
- Impact of immediate-release versus extended-release metformin on lipid profile and body measurements in Saudi patients with type 2 diabetes: a prospective cohort study.The Pan African medical journal · 2025Article
- Metformin effectively alleviates the symptoms of Alzheimer in rats by lowering amyloid β deposition and enhancing the insulin signal.Metabolic brain disease · 2024Article
- Metformin-Associated Gastrointestinal Adverse Events Are Reduced by Probiotics: A Meta-Analysis.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Approved and Commercialized Antidiabetic Medicines (Excluding Insulin) in Seven European Countries-A Cross-Sectional Comparison.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Metformin ameliorates insulin resistance, thyroid nodules and thyroid function.American journal of translational research · 2023Article
- Perspectives of older people with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus towards medication adherence: A qualitative study.PloS one · 2023Article
- Biguanide Pharmaceutical Formulations and the Applications of Bile Acid-Based Nano Delivery in Chronic Medical Conditions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Review
- Article
- Efficacy and Side Effect Profile of Different Formulations of Metformin: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2021Article
- Metformin treatment and gastrointestinal symptoms in youth: Findings from a large tertiary care referral center.Pediatric diabetes · 2021Article
- Efficacy of a Combination of Metformin and Vildagliptin in Comparison to Metformin Alone in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Multicentre, Retrospective, Real-World Evidence Study.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2021Article
- Long-Acting Metformin Vs. Metformin Immediate Release in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Article
- Review
- Repurposing Metformin in Nondiabetic People With HIV: Influence on Weight and Gut Microbiota.Open forum infectious diseases · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThe purpose of this study is to evaluate, in a randomized clinical trial, the effects of metformin immediate release (IR) compared with metformin extended release (XR) on the gastrointestinal tolerability and glycemic control. MATERIALS AND
methodsWe enrolled 253 Caucasian patients with type 2 diabetes not well controlled by diet (glycated hemoglobin [HbA
resultsAfter 6 months, both formulations gave a similar reduction in body weight and body mass index (BMI); however, metformin XR gave a greater improvement in glycemic control, FPI, and HOMA-IR, compared with both baseline and metformin IR. A reduction in total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol was observed with metformin XR compared with IR. Levels of TNF-α, hs-CRP, and vaspin were reduced by metformin XR but not by the IR formulation. Metformin XR also raised the levels of visfatin.
conclusionMetformin XR formulation seems to be more effective than metformin IR in improving glyco-metabolic control, lipid profile, and levels of some adipocytokines in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.