Evidence map›Paper›PMID 28553075›Full record

ArticleDrug design, development and therapy2017

Fabrication, characterization and in vitro evaluation of silibinin nanoparticles: an attempt to enhance its oral bioavailability.

Muhammad Umar Khayam Sahibzada, Abdul Sadiq, Shahzeb Khan, Hani S Faidah, Naseemullah, Muhammad Khurram, Muhammad Usman Amin, Abdul Haseeb

Open access · goldAbstract readComparative Study
In one paragraph

Article in Drug design, development and therapy, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed
3.9field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed, 65 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Enhancing Antibacterial Activity ofPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
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  8. Fabrication of Phytosome with Enhanced Activity ofInternational journal of nanomedicine · 2024
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  15. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.

Muhammad Umar Khayam SahibzadaDepartment of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Lower Dir.
Abdul SadiqDepartment of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Lower Dir.
Shahzeb KhanDepartment of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Lower Dir.
Hani S FaidahDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
NaseemullahDepartment of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Lower Dir.
Muhammad KhurramDepartment of Pharmacy, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal, Upper Dir.
Muhammad Usman AminDepartment of Pharmacology, KMU Institute of Medical Sciences, Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
Abdul HaseebDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology · PKUmm al-Qura University · SAKhyber Medical University · PKShaheed Benazir Bhutto University · PKUniversity of Malakand · PK

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSilibinin has gained in importance in the past few decades as a hepatoprotector and is used widely as oral therapy for toxic liver damage, liver cirrhosis, and chronic inflammatory liver diseases, as well as for the treatment of different types of cancers. Unfortunately, it has low aqueous solubility and inadequate dissolution, which results in low oral bioavailability. MATERIALS AND

methodsIn this study, nanoparticles (NPs) of silibinin, which is a hydrophobic drug, were manufactured using two cost-effective methods. Antisolvent precipitation with a syringe pump (APSP) and evaporative precipitation of nanosuspension (EPN) were used. The prepared NPs were characterized using different analytical techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and X-ray powder diffractometry (XRD) and were sifted for their bioavailability through in vitro dissolution and solubility studies. Moreover, the prepared NPs were evaluated for antimicrobial activity against a battery of bacteria and yeast.

resultsDSC and XRD studies indicated that the prepared NPs were amorphous in nature, with more solubility and dissolution compared to the crystalline form of this drug. NPs prepared through the EPN method had better results than those prepared using the APSP method. Antimicrobial activities of the NPs were improved compared to the unprocessed drugs, while having comparable activities to standard antimicrobial drugs.

conclusionResults indicate that the NPs have significantly increased solubility, dissolution rate, and antimicrobial activities due to the conversion of crystalline structure into amorphous form.

Indexed as

NanoparticlesAnti-Infective AgentsAntioxidantsBiological AvailabilityChemistry, PharmaceuticalCrystallizationDrug CompoundingSilybinSilymarinSolubilityAnti-Infective AgentsAntioxidantsSilybinSilymarinantimicrobial activitydissolutionnanoparticlessilibininsolubility

Identifiers

PMID28553075
PMCPMC5440029
OpenAlexW2615990008

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.