ArticleToxicology and applied pharmacology2017
Brevetoxin-2, is a unique inhibitor of the C-terminal redox center of mammalian thioredoxin reductase-1.
Article in Toxicology and applied pharmacology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Brevetoxin PbTx2 Modulates Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response in an In Vitro Human Immune Cell Line.Toxics · 2026Article
- Targeting Florida red tide: Curcumin inhibits Karenia brevis thioredoxin reductase.Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB · 2026Article
- Emerging Insights into Brevetoxicosis in Sea Turtles.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Review
- Article
- Reduced Fitness and Elevated Oxidative Stress in the Marine CopepodAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Immune Modulating Brevetoxins: Monocyte Cytotoxicity, Apoptosis, and Activation of M1/M2 Response Elements Is Dependent on Reactive Groups.Marine drugs · 2022Article
- Essential components of the xanthophyll cycle differ in high and low toxin Karenia brevis.Harmful algae · 2021Article
- Libertellenone H, a Natural Pimarane Diterpenoid, Inhibits Thioredoxin System and Induces ROS-Mediated Apoptosis in Human Pancreatic Cancer Cells.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Identification of phenazine analogue as a novel scaffold for thioredoxin reductase I inhibitors against Hep G2 cancer cell lines.Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry · 2019Article
- Immune function in Trachemys scripta following exposure to a predominant brevetoxin congener, PbTx-3, as a model for potential health impacts for sea turtles naturally exposed to brevetoxins.Ecotoxicology (London, England) · 2019Article
- Effectors of thioredoxin reductase: Brevetoxins and manumycin-A.Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology & pharmacology : CBP · 2019Article
- Manumycin A Is a Potent Inhibitor of Mammalian Thioredoxin Reductase-1 (TrxR-1).ACS medicinal chemistry letters · 2018Article
- Brevetoxin (PbTx-2) influences the redox status and NPQ of Karenia brevis by way of thioredoxin reductase.Harmful algae · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Karenia brevis, the Florida red tide dinoflagellate produces a suite of neurotoxins known as the brevetoxins. The most abundant of the brevetoxins PbTx-2, was found to inhibit the thioredoxin-thioredoxin reductase system, whereas the PbTx-3 has no effect on this system. On the other hand, PbTx-2 activates the reduction of small disulfides such as 5,5'-dithio-bis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) by thioredoxin reductase. PbTx-2 has an α, β-unsaturated aldehyde moiety which functions as an efficient electrophile and selenocysteine conjugates are readily formed. PbTx-2 blocks the inhibition of TrxR by the inhibitor curcumin, whereas curcumin blocks PbTx-2 activation of TrxR. It is proposed that the mechanism of inhibition of thioredoxin reduction is via the formation of a Michael adduct between selenocysteine and the α, β-unsaturated aldehyde moiety of PbTx-2. PbTx-2 had no effect on the rates of reactions catalyzed by related enzymes such as glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase or glutaredoxin.
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