ArticleHepatology international2018
Gut-liver axis, cirrhosis and portal hypertension: the chicken and the egg.
Article in Hepatology international, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06594783 (Carvedilol Plus Endoscopic Ligation or Not for the Primary Prevention of Esophageal Variceal Bleeding in Carvedilol Non-responders), which is not on this map. Cited by 135 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Carvedilol Plus Endoscopic Ligation or Not for the Primary Prevention of Esophageal Variceal Bleeding in Carvedilol Non-responders: a Randomized Controlled Trial
Who cites it
135 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 213 citations in OpenAlex.
- GUT MICROBIOTA ALTERATIONS IN RODENT MODELS OF CHOLESTASIS INDUCED BY BILE DUCT LIGATION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW.Arquivos de gastroenterologia · 2026Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of Microbiota in Cirrhosis: A Change Towards a More Pathogenic Predisposition.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Research reviews and prospects of gut microbiota in liver cirrhosis: a bibliometric analysis (2001-2023).Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Pooled it
- Titanium dioxide nanoparticles: revealing the mechanisms underlying hepatotoxicity and effects in the gut microbiota.Archives of toxicology · 2023Pooled it
- Integrative multi-omics analysis reveals a gut-liver axis signature of metabolic reprogramming associated with response to transarterial chemoembolization in hepatocellular carcinoma.BMC gastroenterology · 2026Article
- Intestinal microbiota and arthritis.EULAR rheumatology open · 2026Review
- The Influence of Bovine Colostrum and Sodium Butyrate Supplementation on Gut Microbiota and the Intestinal-Liver Axis in Weaned Piglets.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Prediction of trajectories and outcomes in early-stage metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a narrative review.EClinicalMedicine · 2026Review
- [Predictors of short-term antimicrobial treatment outcomes in patients with liver failure complicated by spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: A retrospective study].Zhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences · 2026Article
- Puerarin modulates the gut-liver-ovarian axis to ameliorate reproductive aging in breeder hens.Microbiome · 2026Article
- Serum Villin-1-A Novel Marker of Gut Barrier Damage in Acutely Decompensated Cirrhosis: A Cohort Study and Validation.Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt improves survival in anticoagulation-resistant hepatic sinusoidal obstructive syndrome patients: A multicenter retrospective study.World journal of hepatology · 2026Article
- Targeting gut-liver-kidney axis: microbiota-derived metabolites and therapeutic implications.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Review
- Review
- Gut-Liver Microbiome and Tumor Microenvironment in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- DYSBIOSIS IN ACUTE-ON-CHRONIC LIVER FAILURE - FROM A PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL COMPONENT TO A THERAPEUTIC TARGET.Arquivos de gastroenterologia · 2026Review
- Research advances on gut microbiota dysbiosis and chronic liver diseases: a review.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Gut microbiota dysbiosis exacerbates polystyrene microplastics-induced liver inflammation via activating LPS/TLR4 signaling pathway in ducks.Poultry science · 2025Article
- Uridine diphosphate-glucose 6-dehydrogenase-mediated glucuronidation and its emerging role in gut-liver immune regulation.World journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2025Article
75 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The term gut-liver axis is used to highlight the close anatomical and functional relationship between the intestine and the liver. The intestine has a highly specialized epithelial membrane which regulates transport across the mucosa. Due to dysbiosis, impairment of the intestinal barrier and altered immunity status, bacterial products can reach the liver through the portal vein, where they are recognized by specific receptors, activate the immune system and lead to a proinflammatory response. Gut microbiota and bacterial translocation play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic liver diseases, including alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, cirrhosis, and its complications, such as portal hypertension, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and hepatic encephalopaty. The gut microbiota also plays a critical role as a modulator of bile acid metabolism which can also influence intestinal permeability and portal hypertension through the farnesoid-X receptor. On the other hand, cirrhosis and portal hypertension affect the microbiota and increase translocation, leading to a "chicken and egg" situation, where translocation increases portal pressure, and vice versa. A myriad of therapies targeting gut microbiota have been evaluated specifically in patients with chronic liver disease. Further studies targeting intestinal microbiota and its possible hemodynamic and metabolic effects are needed. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of chronic liver diseases and portal hypertension.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.