SynthesisJournal of the American Heart Association2017
Causal Effect of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Type 1 on Coronary Heart Disease.
Synthesis in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 76 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
76 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 132 citations in OpenAlex.
- Fat Cell Size: Measurement Methods, Pathophysiological Origins, and Relationships With Metabolic Dysregulations.Endocrine reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Menopausal hormone therapy and women's health: An umbrella review.PLoS medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Systematic Review of Circulating, Biomechanical, and Genetic Markers for the Prediction of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Growth and Rupture.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2018Pooled it
- Effect of diet macronutrient content on the cardiometabolic response to weight loss: A randomized clinical trial.Cell metabolism · 2026Trial
- Effects of Psychosocial Interventions and Caregiving Stress on Cardiovascular Biomarkers in Family Dementia Caregivers: The UCSD Pleasant Events Program (PEP) Randomized Controlled Trial.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2020Trial
- Trial
- Historical review: more than two decades understanding the genetic architecture of hemostasis and thrombosis.Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH · 2026Review
- Tissue-resident macrophage survival depends on mitochondrial function regulated by SerpinB2 in chronic inflammation.Nature communications · 2026Article
- The expanding landscape of adipokines: emerging roles of PAI-1 and vaspin in cardiometabolic diseases.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Why Are Internal Mammary (Thoracic) Arteries Less Prone to Developing Atherosclerosis Compared to Coronary Arteries? Do Gut Microbiota Play a Role? A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Discordance of Small Dense LDL Cholesterol Beyond LDL Cholesterol or Non-HDL Cholesterol and Carotid Plaque.JACC. Asia · 2025Article
- Comparison of the proteomic landscape in experimental ischemia reperfusion with versus without ischemic preconditioning.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Biomarker and clinical data-based predictor tool (MAUXI) for ultrafiltration failure and cardiovascular outcome in peritoneal dialysis patients: a retrospective and longitudinal study.BMJ health & care informatics · 2025Article
- A Contemporary Review of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Type 1: Structure, Function, Genetic Architecture, and Intracellular/Extracellular Roles.TH open : companion journal to thrombosis and haemostasis · 2025Review
- Diet Biofunctionality in Modulating Cardiovascular Parameters in Obese Patients After Bioenteric Intragastric Balloon Bariatric Surgery.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Causal effects of cardiovascular health on five epigenetic clocks.Clinical epigenetics · 2024Article
- Blood PAI-1 and cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors among the middle-aged women from SWAN study.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Associations of gut microbiota features and circulating metabolites with systemic inflammation in children.BMJ open gastroenterology · 2024Article
- HOMA-IR as a Predictor of PAI-1 Levels in Women with Severe Obesity.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- The Curious Role of PAI-1 in Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea.Biomedicines · 2024Article
16 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPlasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) plays an essential role in the fibrinolysis system and thrombosis. Population studies have reported that blood PAI-1 levels are associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). However, it is unclear whether the association reflects a causal influence of PAI-1 on CHD risk. METHODS AND
resultsTo evaluate the association between PAI-1 and CHD, we applied a 3-step strategy. First, we investigated the observational association between PAI-1 and CHD incidence using a systematic review based on a literature search for PAI-1 and CHD studies. Second, we explored the causal association between PAI-1 and CHD using a Mendelian randomization approach using summary statistics from large genome-wide association studies. Finally, we explored the causal effect of PAI-1 on cardiovascular risk factors including metabolic and subclinical atherosclerosis measures. In the systematic meta-analysis, the highest quantile of blood PAI-1 level was associated with higher CHD risk comparing with the lowest quantile (odds ratio=2.17; 95% CI: 1.53, 3.07) in an age- and sex-adjusted model. The effect size was reduced in studies using a multivariable-adjusted model (odds ratio=1.46; 95% CI: 1.13, 1.88). The Mendelian randomization analyses suggested a causal effect of increased PAI-1 level on CHD risk (odds ratio=1.22 per unit increase of log-transformed PAI-1; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.47). In addition, we also detected a causal effect of PAI-1 on elevating blood glucose and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
conclusionsOur study indicates a causal effect of elevated PAI-1 level on CHD risk, which may be mediated by glucose dysfunction.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.