ArticleBMC public health2017
Are children participating in a quasi-experimental education outside the classroom intervention more physically active?
Article in BMC public health, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- Does Learning Through Movement Improve Academic Performance in Primary Schoolchildren? A Systematic Review.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Pooled it
- Immersive Nature-Experiences as Health Promotion Interventions for Healthy, Vulnerable, and Sick Populations? A Systematic Review and Appraisal of Controlled Studies.Frontiers in psychology · 2019Pooled it
- A Health Promoting School Intervention in 10th Grade ("My Life - I Decide"): Protocol for a Pragmatic Controlled Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2026Trial
- Efficacy of education outside the classroom to increase adolescent physical activity.Scientific reports · 2024Trial
- Associations between curriculum-based outdoor education and school-aged children's physical activity throughout the week.Health promotion international · 2026Article
- Article
- Mixed-methods process evaluation of the EACH-B intervention in UK secondary schools: Delivery fidelity, stakeholder responses and contextual influences.BMJ public health · 2025Article
- Physical activity interventions in European primary schools: a scoping review to create a framework for the design of tailored interventions in European countries.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Efficacy and mechanisms of an education outside the classroom intervention on pupils' health and education: the MOVEOUT study protocol.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Changes in social interaction, social relatedness, and friendships in Education Outside the Classroom: A social network analysis.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- Compensation or Displacement of Physical Activity in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review of Empirical Studies.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Methodological Considerations for Movement Education Interventions in Natural Environments for Primary School Children: A Scoping Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Health-related quality of life, motivational regulation and Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction in Education Outside the Classroom: an explorative longitudinal pilot study.BMC public health · 2022Article
- When are you taking us outside? An exploratory study of the integration of the outdoor learning in preschool and primary education in Quebec.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Article
- The Association between Education Outside the Classroom and Physical Activity: Differences Attributable to the Type of Space?Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- A Systematic Review Protocol to Identify the Key Benefits and Efficacy of Nature-Based Learning in Outdoor Educational Settings.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Effects of gender, activity type, class location and class composition on physical activity levels experienced during physical education classes in British secondary schools: a pilot cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2020Article
- Curriculum-based outdoor learning for children aged 9-11: A qualitative analysis of pupils' and teachers' views.PloS one · 2019Article
- Children's Cortisol and Cell-Free DNA Trajectories in Relation to Sedentary Behavior and Physical Activity in School: A Pilot Study.Frontiers in public health · 2019Article
- Process evaluation of implementation fidelity in a Danish health-promoting school intervention.BMC public health · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundEducation outside the classroom (EOtC) is a curriculum-based approach to teaching that has shown positive associations with children's physical activity and academic learning in small-scale case studies. The purpose of this large-scale quasi-experimental study was to determine if children who participate regularly in EOtC spend more time being physically active than children who do not.
methodsIn the 2014/2015 study TEACHOUT, classes were recruited in pairs such that each EOtC class had a non-EOtC comparison class at the same school and grade level. Participants in 17 EOtC classes and 16 comparison parallel classes across Denmark wore an Axivity AX3 accelerometer taped to the lower back for seven consecutive days. Data from 201 EOtC participants (63.3% girls, age 10.82 ± 1.05,) and 160 comparison participants (59.3% girls, age 10.95 ± 1.01) were analysed using an 'intention to treat' (ITT) approach. The amount of EOtC the participants were exposed to was monitored. Associations between time spent in different physical activity intensities and EOtC group and sex were assessed using generalised linear models adjusted for age. In a second analysis, we modified the sample using a 'per protocol' (PP) approach, only including EOtC and comparison class pairs where the EOtC class had >150 min and the comparison had <150 min of EOtC during the measured week.
resultsOn average, EOtC participants spent 8.4 (ITT) and 9.2 (PP) minutes more in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) per day than comparison participants (p < 0.05). However, EOtC boys spent 18.7 (ITT) and 20.8 (PP) minutes more in MVPA per day than comparison boys (p < 0.01), while there were no significant between-group differences for girls.
conclusionsFor boys, EOtC was associated with more daily time being spent moderately and vigorously physically active. No differences were observed for girls. Implementing EOtC into schools' weekly practice can be a time- and cost-neutral, supplementary way to increase time spent in PA for boys through grades three to six.
trial registrationThe Scientific Ethical Committee in the Capital Region of Denmark protocol number H-4-2014-FSP . 5 March, 2014.
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