ArticleBMC cancer2017
Role of peptidylarginine deiminase 2 (PAD2) in mammary carcinoma cell migration.
Article in BMC cancer, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Role of the PADI family in inflammatory autoimmune diseases and cancers: A systematic review.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Unveiling nuclear localization signals in human arginine deiminase proteins.Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2026Article
- Peptidylarginine Deiminases: An Overview of Recent Advances in Citrullination Research.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- AMF30a promotes survival and function of human corneal endothelial cells by regulating TGF-β/ROCK/HIPPO pathway.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Targeting PADI2 as a potential therapeutic strategy against metastasis in oral cancer via suppressing EMT-mediated migration and invasion and CCL3/5-induced angiogenesis.Clinical & experimental metastasis · 2024Article
- Identification of novel PAD2 inhibitors using pharmacophore-based virtual screening, molecular docking, and MD simulation studies.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- A cyclic peptide toolkit reveals mechanistic principles of peptidylarginine deiminase IV regulation.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Crosstalk between SUMOylation and other post-translational modifications in breast cancer.Cellular & molecular biology letters · 2024Review
- Peptidylarginine deiminase 3 modulates response to neratinib in HER2 positive breast cancer.Oncogenesis · 2024Article
- Evolutionary analysis reveals the role of a non-catalytic domain of peptidyl arginine deiminase 2 in transcriptional regulation.iScience · 2024Article
- Citrullination and the protein code: crosstalk between post-translational modifications in cancer.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2023Review
- Inhibition of protein arginine deiminase II suppresses retinoblastoma in orthotopic transplantation in mice.Oncology reports · 2023Article
- Peptidylarginine deiminase enzymes and citrullinated proteins in female reproductive physiology and associated diseases†.Biology of reproduction · 2022Review
- The virtues and vices of protein citrullination.Royal Society open science · 2022Review
- Unconventional protein post-translational modifications: the helmsmen in breast cancer.Cell & bioscience · 2022Review
- PAD-2-mediated citrullination of nucleophosmin provides an effective target for tumor immunotherapy.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2022Article
- The molecular basis of mammary gland development and epithelial differentiation.Seminars in cell & developmental biology · 2021Review
- Applicability of Small-Molecule Inhibitors in the Study of Peptidyl Arginine Deiminase 2 (PAD2) and PAD4.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Targeting Histone Modifications in Breast Cancer: A Precise Weapon on the Way.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Review
- Down-regulation of PADI2 prevents proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in ovarian cancer through inhibiting JAK2/STAT3 pathway in vitro and in vivo, alone or in combination with Olaparib.Journal of translational medicine · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPenetration of the mammary gland basement membrane by cancer cells is a crucial first step in tumor invasion. Using a mouse model of ductal carcinoma in situ, we previously found that inhibition of peptidylarginine deiminase 2 (PAD2, aka PADI2) activity appears to maintain basement membrane integrity in xenograft tumors. The goal of this investigation was to gain insight into the mechanisms by which PAD2 mediates this process.
methodsFor our study, we modulated PAD2 activity in mammary ductal carcinoma cells by lentiviral shRNA-mediated depletion, lentiviral-mediated PAD2 overexpression, or PAD inhibition and explored the effects of these treatments on changes in cell migration and cell morphology. We also used these PAD2-modulated cells to test whether PAD2 may be required for EGF-induced cell migration. To determine how PAD2 might promote tumor cell migration in vivo, we tested the effects of PAD2 inhibition on the expression of several cell migration mediators in MCF10DCIS.com xenograft tumors. In addition, we tested the effect of PAD2 inhibition on EGF-induced ductal invasion and elongation in primary mouse mammary organoids. Lastly, using a transgenic mouse model, we investigated the effects of PAD2 overexpression on mammary gland development.
resultsOur results indicate that PAD2 depletion or inhibition suppresses cell migration and alters the morphology of MCF10DCIS.com cells. In addition, we found that PAD2 depletion suppresses the expression of the cytoskeletal regulatory proteins RhoA, Rac1, and Cdc42 and also promotes a mesenchymal to epithelial-like transition in tumor cells with an associated increase in the cell adhesion marker, E-cadherin. Our mammary gland organoid study found that inhibition of PAD2 activity suppresses EGF-induced ductal invasion. In vivo, we found that PAD2 overexpression causes hyperbranching in the developing mammary gland.
conclusionTogether, these results suggest that PAD2 plays a critical role in breast cancer cell migration. Our findings that EGF treatment increases protein citrullination and that PAD2 inhibition blocks EGF-induced cell migration suggest that PAD2 likely functions within the EGF signaling pathway to mediate cell migration.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.