Observational studyPediatric research2017
Both antenatal and postnatal inflammation contribute information about the risk of brain damage in extremely preterm newborns.
Observational study in Pediatric research, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 72 citations in OpenAlex.
- Relationship Between TNF-α and the Risk of Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Pooled it
- Inflammatory Markers in Mother's Own Milk and Infant Stool of Very Low Birthweight Infants.Journal of human lactation : official journal of International Lactation Consultant Association · 2023Trial
- Defining the mechanisms of neuroinflammation and antepartum neuroprotection in human neural progenitor cells and microglia.AJOG global reports · 2026Article
- The role of persistent inflammation in failed recovery after perinatal brain injury: is resolution the cure?Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Review
- Association of fetal inflammatory response with brain MRI findings and neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Impact of fetal inflammatory response on brain MRI abnormalities in extremely preterm infants.Pediatric research · 2025Article
- The Predictive Value of Umbilical Cord Interleukin-6: Implications for Neonatal Care-A Narrative Review of Current Evidence and Future Perspectives.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Placental biomarkers for the prediction of neurodevelopmental disorders.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
- The Association Study Between Cytokines and the Risk for Cerebral Palsy.Mediators of inflammation · 2025Article
- Chronic Inflammation Offers Hints About Viable Therapeutic Targets for Preeclampsia and Potentially Related Offspring Sequelae.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Neonatal inflammation and its association with asthma and obesity in late childhood among individuals born extremely preterm.Pediatric research · 2024Article
- Well controlled maternal inflammatory bowel disease does not increase the risk of abnormal neurocognitive outcome screening in offspring.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2024Article
- Caffeine: The Story beyond Oxygen-Induced Lung and Brain Injury in Neonatal Animal Models-A Narrative Review.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Further evidence supporting the role of GTDC1 in glycine metabolism and neurodevelopmental disorders.European journal of human genetics : EJHG · 2024Article
- Association of red blood cell distribution width-coefficient of variation with cranial ultrasound abnormalities in neonatal hyperbilirubinemia: a retrospective cross-sectional study.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2024Article
- Maternal vitamin D deficiency in early pregnancy and perinatal and long-term outcomes.Heliyon · 2023Article
- CpG methylation patterns in placenta and neonatal blood are differentially associated with neonatal inflammation.Pediatric research · 2023Article
- Article
- Brain Damage in Preterm and Full-Term Neonates: Serum Biomarkers for the Early Diagnosis and Intervention.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
BackgroundPreterm newborns exposed to intrauterine inflammation are at an increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders. We hypothesized that adverse outcomes are more strongly associated with a combination of antenatal and postnatal inflammation than with either of them alone.MethodsWe defined antenatal inflammation as histologic inflammation in the placenta. We measured the concentrations of seven inflammation-related proteins in blood obtained on postnatal days 1, 7, and 14 from 763 infants born before 28 weeks of gestation. We defined postnatal inflammation as a protein concentration in the highest quartile on at least 2 days. We used logistic regression models to evaluate the contribution of antenatal and postnatal inflammation to the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders.ResultsThe risk of white matter damage was increased when placental inflammation was followed by sustained elevation of C-reactive protein or ICAM-1. We found the same for spastic cerebral palsy when placental inflammation was followed by elevation of TNF-α or IL-8. The presence of both placental inflammation and elevated levels of IL-6, TNF-α, or ICAM-1 was associated with an increased risk for microcephaly.ConclusionCompared with a single hit, two inflammatory hits are associated with stronger risk for abnormal cranial ultrasound, spastic cerebral palsy, and microcephaly at 2 years.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.