ArticleThe ISME journal2017
The endobacterium of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus modulates the expression of its toxin-antitoxin systems during the life cycle of its host.
Article in The ISME journal, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- The 3D genome of Gigaspora margarita unveils stable chromatin and nucleolar organization and symbiont-dependent genome dynamics.The New phytologist · 2026Article
- Endosymbiotic interactions in the fungal kingdom: a framework for progressive endosymbiosis.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- A plasmid-encoded inactive toxin-antitoxin system MtvT/MtvA regulates plasmid conjugative transfer and bacterial virulence in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- Detecting and characterizing new endofungal bacteria in new hosts:Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Associated bacterial communities, confrontation studies, and comparative genomics reveal important interactions betweenFrontiers in fungal biology · 2023Article
- Detection and Identification of Novel Intracellular Bacteria Hosted in Strains CBS 648.67 and CFCC 80795 of Biocontrol Fungi Metarhizium.Microbes and environments · 2022Article
- Article
- Identifying a Molecular Mechanism That Imparts Species-Specific Toxicity to YoeB Toxins.Frontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
- Gigaspora margarita with and without its endobacterium shows adaptive responses to oxidative stress.Mycorrhiza · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are widespread root symbionts that perform important ecological services, such as improving plant nutrient and water acquisition. Some AMF from the Gigasporaceae family host a population of endobacteria, Candidatus Glomeribacter gigasporarum (Cagg). The analysis of the Cagg genome identified six putative toxin-antitoxin modules (TAs), consisting of pairs of stable toxins and unstable antitoxins that affect diverse physiological functions. Sequence analysis suggested that these TA modules were acquired by horizontal transfer. Gene expression patterns of two TAs (yoeB/yefM and chpB/chpS) changed during the fungal life cycle, with the expression during the pre-symbiotic phase higher than during the symbiosis with the plant host. The heterologous expression in Escherichia coli demonstrated the functionality only for the YoeB-YefM pair. On the basis of these observations, we speculate that TA modules might help Cagg adapt to its intracellular habitat, coordinating its proliferation with the physiological state of the AMF host.
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