ReviewBiomedicines2014
Toll-Like Receptor 9 Agonists for Cancer Therapy.
Review in Biomedicines, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Regional lymph node changes on breast MRI in patients with early-stage breast cancer receiving neoadjuvant chemo-immunotherapy.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2025Trial
- BDCA2 plays a central role in the binding, internalization and response of plasmacytoid dendritic cells to vidutolimod.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Involvement of nucleic acid-sensing toll-like receptors in human diseases and their controlling mechanisms.Journal of biomedical science · 2025Review
- Potentiating intratumoral therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors: shifting the paradigm of multimodality therapeutics.Immuno-oncology technology · 2025Review
- SHR-1806, a robust OX40 agonist to promote T cell-mediated antitumor immunity.Cancer biology & therapy · 2024Article
- Immunotherapeutic Implications of Toll-like Receptors Activation in Tumor Microenvironment.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- Functional Downregulation of PD-L1 and PD-L2 by CpG and non-CpG Oligonucleotides in Melanoma Cells.Cancers · 2022Article
- Mechanisms of Primary and Acquired Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Cancers · 2022Review
- Cancer vaccines from cryogenically silicified tumour cells functionalized with pathogen-associated molecular patterns.Nature biomedical engineering · 2022Article
- A first-in-human phase 1 study of cavrotolimod, a TLR9 agonist spherical nucleic acid, in healthy participants: Evidence of immune activation.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Intratumoral injection of TLR9 agonist promotes an immunopermissive microenvironment transition and causes cooperative antitumor activity in combination with anti-PD1 in pancreatic cancer.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2021Article
- Advances in Targeting Cutaneous Melanoma.Cancers · 2021Review
- SQ3370 Activates Cytotoxic Drug via Click Chemistry at Tumor and Elicits Sustained Responses in Injected & Non-injected Lesions.Advanced therapeutics · 2021Article
- Trial watch: intratumoral immunotherapy.Oncoimmunology · 2021Review
- Intratumoural immunotherapies for unresectable and metastatic melanoma: current status and future perspectives.British journal of cancer · 2020Review
- Antibody Opsonization of a TLR9 Agonist-Containing Virus-like Particle Enhances In Situ Immunization.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2020Article
- The miRNAs Role in Melanoma and in Its Resistance to Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Adjuvant Effect of Toll-Like Receptor 9 Activation on Cancer Immunotherapy Using Checkpoint Blockade.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Intratumoural immunotherapy: activation of nucleic acid sensing pattern recognition receptors.Immuno-oncology technology · 2019Review
- Immunotherapy of Melanoma: Facts and Hopes.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The immune system has acquired increasing importance as a key player in cancer maintenance and growth. Thus, modulating anti-tumor immune mediators has become an attractive strategy for cancer treatment. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have gradually emerged as potential targets of newer immunotherapies. TLR-9 is preferentially expressed on endosome membranes of B-cells and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) and is known for its ability to stimulate specific immune reactions through the activation of inflammation-like innate responses. Several synthetic CpG oligonucleotides (ODNs) have been developed as TLR-9 agonists with the aim of enhancing cancer immune surveillance. In many preclinical models, CpG ODNs were found to suppress tumor growth and proliferation both in monotherapy and in addition to chemotherapies or target therapies. TLR-9 agonists have been also tested in several clinical trials in patients with solid tumors. These agents showed good tolerability and usually met activity endpoints in early phase trials. However, they have not yet been demonstrated to significantly impact survival, neither as single agent treatments, nor in combination with chemotherapies or cancer vaccines. Further investigations in larger prospective studies are required.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.