ArticleJournal of orthodontic science
Effect of functional appliances on the airway dimensions in patients with skeletal class II malocclusion: A systematic review.
Article in Journal of orthodontic science. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed.
- Cephalometric changes in pharyngeal airway dimensions after functional treatment with twin block versus myobrace appliances in developing skeletal class II patients: a randomized clinical trial.BMC oral health · 2023Trial
- Functional appliances and airway in class II malocclusion : An umbrella review and re-analysis of three meta-analyses.Journal of orofacial orthopedics = Fortschritte der Kieferorthopadie : Organ/official journal Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Kieferorthopadie · 2026Review
- Pharyngeal Airway Volume Changes and Patient-Reported Breathing and Sleep Comfort Following Class II Functional Orthodontic Treatment, Predominantly the Herbst Therapy, in Growing Children: A Retrospective CBCT Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Airway Morphometric Changes Following Prefabricated Myofunctional Appliance in Class II Division 1 Patients: A Clinical Evaluation.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Herbst and Twin Block appliances in Class II malocclusion management for children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in dental medicine · 2026Review
- Three-dimensional analysis of mandibular and condylar growth using artificial intelligence tools: a comparison of twin-block and Frankel II Appliances.BMC oral health · 2025Article
- Changes in the Upper Airway Dimension Following the Use of Functional Appliances in Children with Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Systematic Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Long-term evaluation (10 years) of the outcomes of Herbst functional appliance in pharyngeal dimensions and hyoid bone position.Dental press journal of orthodontics · 2025Article
- The effect of different functional appliances on the sagittal pharyngeal airway dimension in skeletal class II: a retrospective study.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Article
- Assessment of maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures in skeletal Class II patients with different growth patterns.The Angle orthodontist · 2024Article
- Three-dimensional computed tomography analysis of airway volume in growing class II patients treated with Frankel II appliance.Head & face medicine · 2024Article
- Dentoalveolar, skeletal, pharyngeal airway, cervical posture, hyoid bone position, and soft palate changes with Myobrace and Twin-block: a retrospective study.BMC oral health · 2023Article
- Airway changes in patients with sleep apnea using AdvanSync2 Class II correctors - a case series.Medicine and pharmacy reports · 2022Article
- Pharyngeal airway and hyoid bone position changes of skeletal anchored Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device and activator appliances.Clinical oral investigations · 2021Article
- Changes in Upper Airway Dimensions Following Orthodontic Treatment of Skeletal Class II Malocclusion with Twin Block Appliance: A Systematic Review.Turkish journal of orthodontics · 2020Review
- Three-dimensional skeletal and pharyngeal airway changes following therapy with functional appliances in growing skeletal Class II malocclusion patients : A controlled clinical trial.Journal of orofacial orthopedics = Fortschritte der Kieferorthopadie : Organ/official journal Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Kieferorthopadie · 2019Article
- Three-dimensional evaluation of changes in upper airway volume in growing skeletal Class II patients following mandibular advancement treatment with functional orthopedic appliances.The Angle orthodontist · 2018Article
- Cervical spine changes with functional appliance treatment: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of oral biology and craniofacial researchReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThe aim of the present systematic review was to assess the effect of functional appliances on the airway dimensions in patients with skeletal Class II malocclusion. MATERIALS AND
methodsArticles were identified through a literature survey carried out through the following databases: (1) PUBMED, (2) Google Scholar, (3) The Cochrane Library, (4) Embase, (5) Lilac, and (6) Web of Scholars. The systematic review analyzed 12 articles comprising removable functional appliances, 3 articles with fixed functional appliances, and 2 articles having both fixed and removable functional appliances.
resultsQualitative assessment was done for all the 17 studies. The effect of functional appliances in the dimensions of three airway spaces - nasopharynx, oropharynx, and hypopharynx were analyzed.
conclusionsSignificant increase in the dimensions of nasopharynx and oropharynx was observed with Activator. Significant increase in the nasopharynx and hypopharynx (male patients) was observed with Bionator. Insignificant increase in the oropharynx was observed with the same. Significant increase in the oropharynx and hypopharynx was observed with Twin Block. Insignificant increase in the nasopharynx was observed with the same. Significant increase was observed only in the hypopharynx for Frankel II. Decreased or insignificant change was observed with FMA, MPA IV, and Herbst appliances.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.