ReviewPragmatic and observational research2017
The value of pragmatic and observational studies in health care and public health.
Review in Pragmatic and observational research, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 68 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
68 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Potential benefits of music-based therapies on rehabilitation outcomes in people with multiple sclerosis: a systematic review.BMJ open · 2026Pooled it
- How Pragmatic Are Sarcopenia Intervention Studies? A Systematic Review.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2026Pooled it
- Telemedicine Implementation for Safety Net Populations: A Systematic Review.Telemedicine journal and e-health : the official journal of the American Telemedicine Association · 2024Pooled it
- Strength of association between comorbidities and asthma: a meta-analysis.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2023Pooled it
- Systematic review of pragmatic randomised control trials assessing the effectiveness of professional pharmacy services in community pharmacies.BMC health services research · 2021Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Sustained Virological Response in Special Populations with Chronic Hepatitis C Using Interferon-Free Treatments: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Observational Cohort Studies.Clinical drug investigation · 2018Pooled it
- Clinical Pharmacists, Medications, and Contingency Management for Targeting Smoking in HIV Clinics: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2026Trial
- Efficacy of a long-term pulmonary rehabilitation maintenance program for COPD patients in a real-life setting: a 5-year cohort study.Respiratory research · 2021Trial
- Comparative safety analysis of enfortumab vedotin and pembrolizumab: monotherapy vs. combination therapy insights from FDA adverse event reporting system data.World journal of urology · 2026Article
- From development to implementation through a RE-AIM lense: lessons learned from a qualitative process evaluation of workplace health promotion workshops in long-term care.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Considerations for emulations of randomized controlled trials using real-world data: learnings from an emulation of MONALEESA-2.Journal of comparative effectiveness research · 2025Article
- Statistical Methods to Adjust for Treatment Switching in Real-World Clinical Studies: A Scoping Review and Descriptive Comparison.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2025Article
- C-REGS2-A multinational, high-quality comparative effectiveness study of Cerebrolysin in moderate acute ischemic stroke.International journal of stroke : official journal of the International Stroke Society · 2025Article
- An empirical assessment of differential privacy in real-world observational data: a case-control study of asthma exacerbation in UK Biobank linked with electronic health records.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA · 2025Article
- Economic Evaluation Methodologies of Remote Patient Monitoring for Chronic Conditions: Scoping Review.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Article
- Increasing Life Expectancy in Patients with Genitourinary Malignancies: Impact of Treatment Burden on Disease Management and Quality of Life.European urology · 2025Review
- Article
- Real-world experience with filgotinib for rheumatoid arthritis in Germany : A retrospective chart review.Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie · 2025Article
8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Evidence-based practice is an important component of health care service delivery. However, there is a tendency, embodied in tools such as Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation, to focus principally on the classification of study design, at the expense of a detailed assessment of the strengths and limitations of the individual study. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and in particular the classical "explanatory" RCT, have a privileged place in the hierarchy of evidence. However, classical RCTs have substantial limitations, most notably a lack of generalizability, which limit their direct applicability to clinical practice implementation. Pragmatic and observational studies can provide an invaluable perspective into real-world applicability. This evidence could be used more widely to complement ideal-condition results from classical RCTs, following the principle of triangulation. In this review article, we discuss several types of pragmatic and observational studies that could be used in this capacity. We discuss their particular strengths and how their limitations may be overcome and provide real-life examples by means of illustration.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.