ArticlePloS one2017
Direct and indirect costs of diabetes mellitus in Mali: A case-control study.
Article in PloS one, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Catastrophic health expenditure in sub-Saharan Africa: systematic review and meta-analysis.Bulletin of the World Health Organization · 2022Pooled it
- Factors of occurrence and improvement methods of presenteeism attributed to diabetes: A systematic review.Journal of occupational health · 2019Pooled it
- The costs of diabetes treatment in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review.BMJ global health · 2019Pooled it
- Exploring the Socio-Economic Toll of Non-Communicable Diseases in Low-Resource Settings: Novel Evidence From Mozambique.The International journal of health planning and management · 2026Article
- Costs and cost-effectiveness of type 2 diabetes management in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review.Health economics review · 2026Article
- Multimorbidity between Type 2 Diabetes and Depressive Symptoms in Mexico: Prevalence and Associated Factors From the Nationally Representative ENSANUT 2022 Survey.Journal of diabetes · 2026Article
- Comparison of costs related to health services in two groups of patients with diabetic foot ulcer and patients without this complication: a matched cohort study.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2025Article
- Prevalence of chronic diabetic complications and associated risk factors among follow-up diabetic patients: estimates from a referral national diabetes center in Yemen.BMC endocrine disorders · 2025Article
- Assessment of foot care practice among adults with diabetes mellitus in Ogbomoso, Nigeria.African health sciences · 2024Article
- Article
- Formative research to adapt the 'Diabetes Prevention Program- Power to Prevent' for implementation in Bamako, Mali.BMC health services research · 2024Article
- A systematic review of the economic burden of diabetes mellitus: contrasting perspectives from high and low middle-income countries.Journal of pharmaceutical policy and practice · 2024Review
- [Perceptions and use of Universal Health Coverage (Plan Sésame) among the elderly in Dakar (Senegal), impacts on health expenditure related to diabetes and hypertension].Medecine tropicale et sante internationale · 2023Article
- Informal Support Networks of Tanzanians With Chronic Diseases: Predictors of Support Provision and Treatment Adherence.International journal of public health · 2022Article
- Appropriate use of plasma glucose tests for diagnosis of diabetes mellitus in Ibadan, Nigeria.African journal of laboratory medicine · 2022Article
- Article
- Injuries and their related household costs in a tertiary hospital in Ghana.African journal of emergency medicine : Revue africaine de la medecine d'urgence · 2020Article
- Article
- Economic Impact of Diabetes in Africa.Current diabetes reports · 2019Review
- Ethnic Disparity in Annual Healthcare Expenditures for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Ningxia, China.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDiabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most burdensome chronic diseases and is associated with shorter lifetime, diminished quality of life and economic burdens on the patient and society as a result of healthcare, medication, and reduced labor market participation. We aimed to estimate the direct (medical and non-medical) and indirect costs of DM and compare them with those of people without DM (ND), as well as the cost predictors. METHODS AND
findingsObservational retrospective case-control study performed in Mali. Participants were identified and randomly selected from diabetes registries. We recruited 500 subjects with DM and 500 subjects without DM, matched by sex and age. We conducted structured, personal interviews. Costs were expressed for a 90-day period. Direct medical costs comprised: inpatient stays, ICU, laboratory tests and other hospital visits, specialist and primary care doctor visits, others, traditional practitioners, and medication. Direct non-medical costs comprised travel for treatment and paid caregivers. The indirect costs include the productivity losses by patients and caregivers, and absenteeism. We estimate a two-part model by type of service and a linear multiple regression model for the total cost. We found that total costs of persons with DM were almost 4 times higher than total cost of people without DM. Total costs were $77.08 and $281.92 for ND and DM, respectively, with a difference of $204.84.
conclusionsHealthcare use and costs were dramatically higher for people with DM than for people with normal glucose tolerance and, in relative terms, much higher than in developed countries.
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