ArticlePloS one2017
Characterization of the urinary microbiome in healthy dogs.
Article in PloS one, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 69 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of sample processing method and volume on 16 S rRNA profiling of the urobiome.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- Development of the Urogenital Microbiota in Healthy Beagle Puppies: A Longitudinal Comparison with the Dam.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Characterization and comparative analysis of urinary bacterial microbiome profiling in healthy cats and cats with feline idiopathic cystitis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Prevalence of Bacterial Urinary Tract Infections in Dogs and Cats with Lower Urinary Tract Diseases and Other Illnesses: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Review
- Carbapenem-Resistant Organisms in Companion Animals in New York City, 2019-2022.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Supplementation of a new combination of prebiotic and postbiotic shapes fecal microbiota of old dogs while influencing immune parameters.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Microbial Interconnections in One Health: A Critical Nexus Between Companion Animals and Human Microbiomes.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria in urine of dogs rescued from Southern Brazil floods.Veterinary research communications · 2025Article
- Body mass index and benign prostatic hyperplasia correlate with urinary microbiome diversity and lower urinary tract symptoms in men.Communications medicine · 2025Article
- Evidence for an indigenous female mouse urobiome.PloS one · 2025Article
- Subclinical bacteriuria and surgical-site infection in 140 dogs with orthopedic and neurological conditions.The Canadian veterinary journal = La revue veterinaire canadienne · 2024Article
- Evaluation of the vaginal and urinary microbiota of healthy cycling bitches.BMC veterinary research · 2024Article
- Dietary Features Are Associated with Differences in the Urinary Microbiome in Clinically Healthy Adult Dogs.Veterinary sciences · 2024Article
- Gut and Urinary Microbiota in Cats with Kidney Stones.Microorganisms · 2024Article
- Association ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Identification of bacteria associated with canine otitis externa based on 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2023Article
- The impact of urine collection method on canine urinary microbiota detection: a cross-sectional study.BMC microbiology · 2023Article
- The impact of urine storage methods on the results of quantitative bacterial culture in dog and cat.Veterinarni medicina · 2023Article
- Canine Fecal Microbiota Transplantation: Current Application and Possible Mechanisms.Veterinary sciences · 2022Review
- Characterization of the urogenital microbiome in Miniature Schnauzers with and without calcium oxalate urolithiasis.Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The urinary bladder in healthy dogs has dogmatically been considered free of bacteria. This study used culture independent techniques to characterize the healthy canine urinary microbiota. Urine samples collected by antepubic cystocentesis from dogs without urinary infection were used for DNA extraction. Genital tract and rectal samples were collected simultaneously from the same dogs. The V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA bacterial gene was amplified and compared against Greengenes database for OTU assignment and relative abundance for urine, genital, and rectal samples. After excluding 4 dogs with cultivable bacteria, samples from 10 male (M; 1 intact) and 10 female (F) spayed dogs remained. All samples provided adequate genetic material for analysis. Four taxa (Pseudomonas sp., Acinetobacter sp., Sphingobium sp. and Bradyrhizobiaceae) dominated the urinary microbiota in all dogs of both sexes. These taxa were also detected in the genital swabs of both sexes, while the rectal microbiota differed substantially from the other sample sites. Principal component (PC) analysis of PC1 through PC3 showed overlap of urinary and genital microbiota and a clear separation of rectal swabs from the other sample sites along PC1, which explained 44.94% variation. Surprisingly, the urinary microbiota (mean # OTU 92.6 F, 90.2 M) was significantly richer than the genital (67.8 F, 66.6 M) or rectal microbiota (68.3 F, 71.2 M) (p < 0.0001), with no difference between sexes at any sample site. The canine urinary bladder is not a sterile environment and possesses its own unique and diverse microbiota compared to the rectal and genital microbiota. There was no difference between the sexes at any microbiota sample site (urine, genital, and rectal). The predominant bacterial genus for either sex in the urine and genital tracts was Pseudomonas sp.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.