ArticleOncotarget2017
Circulating soluble programmed death-1 levels may differentiate immune-tolerant phase from other phases and hepatocellular carcinoma from other clinical diseases in chronic hepatitis B virus infection.
Article in Oncotarget, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- The potential of soluble programmed cell death-ligand 1 and soluble programmed cell death 1 as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis.Irish journal of medical science · 2025Pooled it
- Navigating through the PD-1/PDL-1 Landscape: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Outcomes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Their Influence on Immunotherapy and Tumor Microenvironment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Prognostic value of soluble programmed cell death-1 (sPD-1) and soluble programmed cell death ligand-1 (sPD-L1) for hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2022Pooled it
- Prognostic and clinicopathological significance of PD-1 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis.The Journal of international medical research · 2020Pooled it
- A systemic immune signature stratifies early-stage breast cancer patients and reveals soluble IL-2RA and PD-1 as potential independent prognostic biomarkers.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2026Article
- Plasma levels of soluble PD-1, TIM-3, LAG-3 and galectin-3 and the degree of liver fibrosis in CHC and the impact of successful antiviral treatment on their levels.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Soluble PD-L1: From Immune Evasion to Cancer Therapy.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- High serum levels of soluble PD‑1 and PD‑L1 are associated with advanced clinical stages in patients with cervical cancer.Biomedical reports · 2025Article
- Role of immune cell homeostasis in research and treatment response in hepatocellular carcinoma.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2025Article
- Targeting alternative splicing as a new cancer immunotherapy-phosphorylation of serine arginine-rich splicing factor (SRSF1) by SR protein kinase 1 (SRPK1) regulates alternative splicing of PD1 to generate a soluble antagonistic isoform that prevents T cell exhaustion.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2023Article
- Immune checkpoints on T and NK cells in the context of HBV infection: Landscape, pathophysiology and therapeutic exploitation.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- The correlation of serum sPD-1 and sPD-L1 levels with clinical, pathological characteristics and lymph node metastasis in nonsmall cell lung cancer patients.Turkish journal of medical sciences · 2022Article
- Serum soluble programmed death-1 levels predict the spontaneous HBeAg seroclearance in chronic hepatitis B.Journal of gastroenterology · 2022Article
- The association between sPD-1 levels versus liver biochemistry and viral markers in chronic hepatitis B patients: a comparative study of different sPD-1 assays.Virology journal · 2022Article
- [Observation of PD-1Zhonghua gan zang bing za zhi = Zhonghua ganzangbing zazhi = Chinese journal of hepatology · 2022Article
- Soluble programmed cell death-1 predicts hepatocellular carcinoma development during nucleoside analogue treatment.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Programmed Cell Death-1 and Its Ligands as Targets for Therapy of Multiple Myeloma Patients.Cancer management and research · 2022Article
- Soluble Programmed Cell Death-1 is a Novel Predictor of HBsAg Loss in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients When Long-Term Nucleos(t)ide Analog Treatment is Discontinued.Infection and drug resistance · 2022Article
- Clinicopathological and Prognostic Value of Programmed Cell Death 1 Expression in Hepatitis B Virus-related Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Meta-analysis.Journal of clinical and translational hepatology · 2021Article
- Evaluation of circulating PD-1 and PD-L1 as diagnostic biomarkers in dogs with tumors.Journal of veterinary science · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Programmed death-1 (PD-1) is involved in the immune dysfunction of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study analyzed the association of circulating soluble PD-1 (sPD-1) levels with the phases and clinical diseases in chronic HBV infection. Serum sPD-1 levels were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay in patients with different phases and liver diseases of chronic HBV infection. The sPD-1 levels in patients with chronic HBV infection were significantly elevated compared with HBV infection resolvers or healthy controls. According to phases, sPD-1 level in immune-tolerant phase (IT) was significantly lower than in other phases. Multivariate analysis showed that sPD-1 was an independent factor associated with IT. Area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves (AUC) showed that sPD-1 was significantly discriminative of IT from other phases with a cut-off of 1.535 ng/mL (AUC, 0.984; P<0.001). According to clinical diseases, sPD-1 level in HBV-related HCC was significantly higher than in other clinical diseases. Multivariate analysis showed that sPD-1 was an independent factor associated with HCC. The sPD-1 was significantly discriminative of HCC from other clinical diseases with a cut-off of 6.058 ng/mL (AUC, 0.962; P<0.001). The sPD-1 levels were significantly associated with HCC patients' overall survival. HCC resection resulted in remarkable reduction in sPD-1 levels. These results demonstrate the involvement of sPD-1 in the disease course of chronic HBV infection and indicate the potential to apply sPD-1 as a biomarker for differentiating IT from other phases and HCC from other disease conditions in chronic HBV infection.
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