ReviewCurrent opinion in neurobiology2017
Neural oscillations demonstrate that general anesthesia and sedative states are neurophysiologically distinct from sleep.
Review in Current opinion in neurobiology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03355053 (Investigation of Sleep in the Intensive Care Unit), which is not on this map. Cited by 106 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Investigation of Sleep in the Intensive Care Unit
Who cites it
106 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Changes in the Term Neonatal Electroencephalogram with General Anesthesia: A Systematic Review with Narrative Synthesis.Anesthesiology · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Examining the Impact of Sleep Disturbance on Postoperative Delirium.Critical care medicine · 2018Pooled it
- Perioperative dexmedetomidine nasal spray improves postoperative sleep in patients undergoing thoracoscopic lung surgery: a prospective, randomized controlled trial.BMC anesthesiology · 2026Trial
- Anesthesia-induced electroencephalogram oscillations and perioperative outcomes in older adults undergoing cardiac surgery.Journal of clinical anesthesia · 2025Trial
- Subjective experiences during dexmedetomidine- or propofol-induced unresponsiveness and non-rapid eye movement sleep in healthy male subjects.British journal of anaesthesia · 2023Trial
- Brain-based measures of nociception during general anesthesia with remifentanil: A randomized controlled trial.PLoS medicine · 2022Trial
- Oral Dexmedetomidine Promotes Non-rapid Eye Movement Stage 2 Sleep in Humans.Anesthesiology · 2020Trial
- The influence of induction speed on the frontal (processed) EEG.Scientific reports · 2020Trial
- Dissociative and Analgesic Properties of Ketamine Are Independent.Anesthesiology · 2020Trial
- The efficacy of intramuscular ephedrine in preventing hemodynamic perturbations in patients with spinal anesthesia and dexmedetomidine sedation.International journal of medical sciences · 2020Trial
- Neurophysiological signature of gamma-hydroxybutyrate augmented sleep in male healthy volunteers may reflect biomimetic sleep enhancement: a randomized controlled trial.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2019Trial
- Trial
- Dexmedetomidine promotes biomimetic non-rapid eye movement stage 3 sleep in humans: A pilot study.Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2018Trial
- Evolution and Reorganization of the Hierarchical Brain-wide Neuronal Network Through Anesthesia.Neuroscience bulletin · 2026Article
- Catecholamine modulation of frontal cortical ignition during wakefulness, sleep and anesthesia.National science review · 2026Article
- Review
- Propofol-Facilitated Recovery Sleep Modulates Cognitive Function via Slow Oscillation-Spindle Coupling After Acute Sleep Deprivation in Rats.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Midazolam Exerts Sedative Effects by Differentially Modulating Cortical Pyramidal Neurons and PV Interneurons.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- EEG-Derived Entropy Monitoring During Propofol Sedation for ERCP: Sedation Profiles, Age-Related Effects, and Implications for Procedure-Specific Target Ranges.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Observational
46 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
General anesthesia is a man-made neurophysiological state comprised of unconsciousness, amnesia, analgesia, and immobility along with maintenance of physiological stability. Growing evidence suggests that anesthetic-induced neural oscillations are a primary mechanism of anesthetic action. Each anesthetic drug class produces distinct oscillatory dynamics that can be related to the circuit mechanisms of drug action. Sleep is a naturally occurring state of decreased arousal that is essential for normal health. Physiological measurements (electrooculogram, electromyogram) and neural oscillatory (electroencephalogram) dynamics are used to empirically characterize sleep into rapid eye movement sleep and the three stages of non-rapid eye movement sleep. In this review, we discuss the differences between anesthesia- and sleep-induced altered states from the perspective of neural oscillations.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.