Evidence map›Paper›PMID 28542724›Full record

ReviewActa neurologica Scandinavica2017

Viruses and endogenous retroviruses in multiple sclerosis: From correlation to causation.

A-F A Mentis, E Dardiotis, N Grigoriadis, E Petinaki, G M Hadjigeorgiou

Open access · greenAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Acta neurologica Scandinavica, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
28citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
6.5field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 61 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Outcomes of RIP Kinase Signaling During Neuroinvasive Viral Infection.Current topics in microbiology and immunology · 2023
    Review
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Review
  15. Review
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Human retrovirus pHEV-W envelope protein and the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2019
    Article
  19. Article
  20. Replication study of GWAS risk loci in Greek multiple sclerosis patients.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2019
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

A-F A MentisDepartment of Microbiology, University Hospital of Larissa, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1480-390X
E DardiotisDepartment of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
N GrigoriadisLaboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, B' Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
E PetinakiDepartment of Microbiology, University Hospital of Larissa, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
G M HadjigeorgiouDepartment of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
University of Thessaly · GRAristotle University of Thessaloniki · GRJohns Hopkins University · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Multiple sclerosis is an immune-mediated disease with an environmental component. According to a long-standing but unproven hypothesis dating to initial descriptions of multiple sclerosis (MS) at the end of the 19th century, viruses are either directly or indirectly implicated in MS pathogenesis. Whether viruses in MS are principally causal or simply contributory remains to be proven, but many viruses or viral elements-predominantly Epstein-Barr virus, human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) and human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) but also less common viruses such as Saffold and measles viruses-are associated with MS. Here, we present an up-to-date and comprehensive review of the main candidate viruses implicated in MS pathogenesis and summarize how these viruses might cause or lead to the hallmark demyelinating and inflammatory lesions of MS. We review data from epidemiological, animal and in vitro studies and in doing so offer a transdisciplinary approach to the topic. We argue that it is crucially important not to interpret "absence of evidence" as "evidence of absence" and that future studies need to focus on distinguishing correlative from causative associations. Progress in the MS-virus field is expected to arise from an increasing body of knowledge on the interplay between viruses and HERVs in MS. Such interactions suggest common HERV-mediated pathways downstream of viral infection that cause both neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. We also comment on the limitations of existing studies and provide future research directions for the field.

Indexed as

AnimalsEndogenous RetrovirusesHumansMultiple SclerosisVirus DiseasesEpstein-Barr virushuman endogenous retroviruseshuman herpesvirus 6multiple sclerosisviruses

Identifiers

PMID28542724
PMCPMC7159535
OpenAlexW2619381875

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.