ArticlePLoS genetics2017
Lack of the PGA exopolysaccharide in Salmonella as an adaptive trait for survival in the host.
Article in PLoS genetics, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Determination, Monitoring, Molecular Mechanisms and Formation of Biofilm in E. coli.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2023Review
- Article
- Elevated c-di-GMP levels promote biofilm formation and biodesulfurization capacity of Rhodococcus erythropolis.Microbial biotechnology · 2021Article
- A Trimeric Autotransporter Enhances Biofilm Cohesiveness in Yersinia pseudotuberculosis but Not in Yersinia pestis.Journal of bacteriology · 2020Article
- A systematic pipeline for classifying bacterial operons reveals the evolutionary landscape of biofilm machineries.PLoS computational biology · 2020Article
- A DIVA vaccine strain lacking RpoS and the secondary messenger c-di-GMP for protection against salmonellosis in pigs.Veterinary research · 2020Article
- Gross transcriptomic analysis of Pseudomonas putida for diagnosing environmental shifts.Microbial biotechnology · 2020Article
- Cyclic-di-GMP regulation promotes survival of a slow-replicating subpopulation of intracellularProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2019Article
- Phototrophic purple bacteria as optoacoustic in vivo reporters of macrophage activity.Nature communications · 2019Article
- Biofilms 2018: A diversity of microbes and mechanisms.Journal of bacteriology · 2019Review
- Genome sequencing and assessment of plant growth-promoting properties of a Serratia marcescens strain isolated from vermicompost.BMC genomics · 2018Article
- Cyclic-di-GMP regulation of virulence in bacterial pathogens.Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. RNA · 2018Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Many bacteria build biofilm matrices using a conserved exopolysaccharide named PGA or PNAG (poly-β-1,6-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine). Interestingly, while E. coli and other members of the family Enterobacteriaceae encode the pgaABCD operon responsible for PGA synthesis, Salmonella lacks it. The evolutionary force driving this difference remains to be determined. Here, we report that Salmonella lost the pgaABCD operon after the divergence of Salmonella and Citrobacter clades, and previous to the diversification of the currently sequenced Salmonella strains. Reconstitution of the PGA machinery endows Salmonella with the capacity to produce PGA in a cyclic dimeric GMP (c-di-GMP) dependent manner. Outside the host, the PGA polysaccharide does not seem to provide any significant benefit to Salmonella: resistance against chlorine treatment, ultraviolet light irradiation, heavy metal stress and phage infection remained the same as in a strain producing cellulose, the main biofilm exopolysaccharide naturally produced by Salmonella. In contrast, PGA production proved to be deleterious to Salmonella survival inside the host, since it increased susceptibility to bile salts and oxidative stress, and hindered the capacity of S. Enteritidis to survive inside macrophages and to colonize extraintestinal organs, including the gallbladder. Altogether, our observations indicate that PGA is an antivirulence factor whose loss may have been a necessary event during Salmonella speciation to permit survival inside the host.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.