SynthesisPloS one2017
Indoor secondhand tobacco smoke and risk of under-five mortality in 23 sub-Saharan Africa countries: A population based study and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Prediction of under-five mortality using supervised machine learning algorithms in the 23 sub-Sharan African countries.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Exposure to second-hand smoke, tobacco advertising, and school curriculum on tobacco harms in South African Adolescents: findings from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2026Article
- Under-five mortality and its associated factors in sub-Saharan Africa: a multilevel analysis of recent demographic and health surveys data based on Bayesian approach.BMC pediatrics · 2025Article
- Article
- Trends of secondhand smoke exposure among children: A scientometric analysis.Tobacco induced diseases · 2025Article
- Prevalence and correlates of tobacco use in Botswana: evidence from the 2014 Botswana STEPwise survey.BMC public health · 2023Article
- When women win, we all win-Call for a gendered global NCD agenda.FASEB bioAdvances · 2022Review
- Household air pollution and under-five mortality in sub-Saharan Africa: an analysis of 14 demographic and health surveys.Environmental health and preventive medicine · 2020Article
- Dangers of smoking cigarettes and drinking alcohol during pregnancy.South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde · 2020Article
- Perception of the risk of tobacco use in pregnancy and factors associated with tobacco use in rural areas of Myanmar.Tobacco prevention & cessation · 2019Article
- Tobacco use and its determinants in the 2015 Kenya WHO STEPS survey.BMC public health · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundInhalation of secondhand smoke from tobacco results in serious health outcomes among under-five children, and yet, few studies have assessed its effect on under-five mortality. We investigated the association between frequency of exposure to household tobacco smoke and risk of under-five mortality in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).
methodsDemographic Health Survey data of under-five children from 23 SSA countries (n = 787,484) were used. Cox proportional hazard models described the association between exposure to tobacco smoke and the risk of under-five mortality in each country, with age as the time-to-event indicator. Meta-analysis was used to investigate the overall effect of tobacco smoke in SSA.
resultsThe association between tobacco smoke exposure and the risk of under-five mortality attenuated in eight countries (Burkina Faso, Benin, Congo, Gabon, Guinea, Liberia, Togo, and Zambia) after adjustment, while the hazard ratios (HR) of daily exposure to tobacco smoke in Kenya (HR = 1.40; 95% CI, 1.16-1.70) and Namibia (HR = 1.40; 1.07-1.83) grew. The children in rural areas in SSA were 1.08 (95% CI, 1.04-1.13) times more likely to die than their urban peers. In general, the exposure to household tobacco smoke was associated with an increased risk of under-five mortality in SSA (HR = 1.09; 95% CI, 1.06-1.13).
conclusionsThis study provided evidence of a positive association between exposure to household tobacco smoke and risk of under-five mortality in SSA. Policymakers in low- and middle-income countries, where tobacco control as a child health issue is relatively neglected, should integrate tobacco control measures with other child health promotion policies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.