ArticleAmerican journal of epidemiology2017
Long-Term PM2.5 Exposure and Respiratory, Cancer, and Cardiovascular Mortality in Older US Adults.
Article in American journal of epidemiology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 179 papers, 10 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
179 citing papers in PubMed, 10 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Association of Particulate Matter (PM2.5) With COVID-19 Infection and Mortality in Low-and Middle-income Asian Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Journal of preventive medicine and public health = Yebang Uihakhoe chi · 2026Pooled it
- Factors associated with lung cancer among firefighters: a systematic literature review.BMC public health · 2025Pooled it
- Ambient Air Pollution Exposure and Breast Cancer Risk Worldwide: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Studies.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Pooled it
- Effects of fine particulate matter on bone marrow-conserved hematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells: a systematic review.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Association of fine particulate matter (PMScientific reports · 2024Pooled it
- Relationship between particulate matter exposure and female breast cancer incidence and mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis.International archives of occupational and environmental health · 2021Pooled it
- Long-Term PMJournal of the American Heart Association · 2021Pooled it
- Acute effect of ambient fine particulate matter on heart rate variability: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of panel studies.Environmental health and preventive medicine · 2020Pooled it
- Characteristics of cohort studies of long-term exposure to PMEnvironmental science and pollution research international · 2019Pooled it
- Long-Term Exposure to Air Pollutants and Cancer Mortality: A Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2018Pooled it
- Trial
- Health Under Haze: Symptom Burden Among Adult Outpatients During the 2024-2025 Winter Smog Season in Lahore, Pakistan.Public health challenges · 2026Article
- Limitations of Environmental Extrapolation in Low-Cost Carbon Monoxide and Fine Particulate Matter Sensors.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Two-way fixed effects models in air pollution epidemiology: a proposed framework for model specifications and recommendations for future studies.American journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Hallmarks of lung cancer driven by inhalable particulate matter: From cell-intrinsic oncogenic traits to microenvironment remodeling.Innovation (Cambridge (Mass.)) · 2026Review
- Long-term exposure to wildfire smoke particulate matter and incident stroke: a US nationwide study.European heart journal · 2026Article
- Effects of shortZhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences · 2026Article
- Association of air pollution and depressive symptoms with cardiometabolic Multimorbidity in middle-aged and older adults: an analysis based on the China health and retirement longitudinal study (CHARLS).Acta diabetologica · 2026Article
- Projected Health and Economic Benefits of Air Quality Targets in China: Modeling Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2026Article
- Gestational fine particulate matter exposure and perinatal outcomes in the ECHO cohort: Associations across pregnancy windows.Environmental research · 2026Article
119 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The impact of chronic exposure to fine particulate matter (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 μm (PM2.5)) on respiratory disease and lung cancer mortality is poorly understood. In a cohort of 18.9 million Medicare beneficiaries (4.2 million deaths) living across the conterminous United States between 2000 and 2008, we examined the association between chronic PM2.5 exposure and cause-specific mortality. We evaluated confounding through adjustment for neighborhood behavioral covariates and decomposition of PM2.5 into 2 spatiotemporal scales. We found significantly positive associations of 12-month moving average PM2.5 exposures (per 10-μg/m3 increase) with respiratory, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and pneumonia mortality, with risk ratios ranging from 1.10 to 1.24. We also found significant PM2.5-associated elevated risks for cardiovascular and lung cancer mortality. Risk ratios generally increased with longer moving averages; for example, an elevation in 60-month moving average PM2.5 exposures was linked to 1.33 times the lung cancer mortality risk (95% confidence interval: 1.24, 1.40), as compared with 1.13 (95% confidence interval: 1.11, 1.15) for 12-month moving average exposures. Observed associations were robust in multivariable models, although evidence of unmeasured confounding remained. In this large cohort of US elderly, we provide important new evidence that long-term PM2.5 exposure is significantly related to increased mortality from respiratory disease, lung cancer, and cardiovascular disease.
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