ReviewSurgical neurology international2017
Parkinson's disease: Microglial/macrophage-induced immunoexcitotoxicity as a central mechanism of neurodegeneration.
Review in Surgical neurology international, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Radiation-Induced Neurodegeneration.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Therapeutic effects ofIBRO neuroscience reports · 2025Article
- The Effects of Deep Brain Stimulation on Balance in Parkinson's Disease as Measured Using Posturography-A Narrative Review.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- Immunoexcitoxicity as the mechanism of CNS damage from COVID-19 "vaccinations".Surgical neurology international · 2025Article
- Unraveling the Bone-Brain Axis: A New Frontier in Parkinson's Disease Research.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Galantamine-Memantine Combination in the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease Dementia.Brain sciences · 2024Review
- From inflammatory signaling to neuronal damage: Exploring NLR inflammasomes in ageing neurological disorders.Heliyon · 2024Review
- LRRK2; Communicative Role in the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis Overlapping.CNS & neurological disorders drug targets · 2024Review
- Escalating Bi-Directional Feedback Loops between Proinflammatory Microglia and Mitochondria in Ageing and Post-Diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Cathepsin L-containing exosomes from α-synuclein-activated microglia induce neurotoxicity through the P2X7 receptor.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2022Article
- Role of exosomes in the pathogenesis of inflammation in Parkinson's disease.Neural regeneration research · 2022Review
- Identifying crosstalk genetic biomarkers linking a neurodegenerative disease, Parkinson's disease, and periodontitis using integrated bioinformatics analyses.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Article
- Linking α-synuclein-induced synaptopathy and neural network dysfunction in early Parkinson's disease.Brain communications · 2022Review
- Gut microbiota and metabolites of α-synuclein transgenic monkey models with early stage of Parkinson's disease.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2021Article
- EphA1 Activation Induces Neuropathological Changes in a Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease Through the CXCL12/CXCR4 Signaling Pathway.Molecular neurobiology · 2021Article
- Co-Administration of Gagam-Sipjeondaebo-Tang and Ibuprofen Alleviates the Inflammatory Response in MPTP-Induced Parkinson's Disease Mouse Model and RAW264.7 Macrophages.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Loliolide, a New Therapeutic Option for Neurological Diseases? In Vitro Neuroprotective and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of a Monoterpenoid Lactone Isolated fromInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- New concepts in the development of schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders, and degenerative brain diseases based on chronic inflammation: A working hypothesis from continued advances in neuroscience research.Surgical neurology international · 2021Review
- Generation of cryopreserved macrophages from normal and genetically engineered human pluripotent stem cells for disease modelling.PloS one · 2021Article
- Altered Actinobacteria and Firmicutes Phylum Associated Epitopes in Patients With Parkinson's Disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is one of the several neurodegenerative disorders that affects aging individuals, with approximately 1% of those over the age of 60 years developing the disorder in their lifetime. The disease has the characteristics of a progressive disorder in most people, with a common pattern of pathological change occurring in the nervous system that extends beyond the classical striatal degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. Earlier studies concluded that the disease was a disorder of alpha-synuclein, with the formation of aggregates of abnormal alpha-synuclein being characteristic. More recent studies have concluded that inflammation plays a central role in the disorder and that the characteristic findings can be accounted for by either mutation or oxidative damage to alpha-synuclein, with resulting immune reactions from surrounding microglia, astrocytes, and macrophages. What has been all but ignored in most of these studies is the role played by excitotoxicity and that the two processes are intimately linked, with inflammation triggered cell signaling enhancing the excitotoxic cascade. Further, there is growing evidence that it is the excitotoxic reactions that actually cause the neurodegeneration. I have coined the name immunoexcitotoxicity to describe this link between inflammation and excitotoxicity. It appears that the two processes are rarely, if ever, separated in neurodegenerative diseases.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.