ArticleScientific reports2017
Atorvastatin Promotes Phagocytosis and Attenuates Pro-Inflammatory Response in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells.
Article in Scientific reports, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Advances in nanomedicine-based retinal drug delivery: mechanisms and translational applications.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Review
- The Chemical Stability Characterization and Kinetics of Statins in Aqueous Cyclodextrin Ocular Preparations: A Formulation Perspective.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
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- P2X7-mediated alteration of membrane fluidity is associated with the late stages of age-related macular degeneration.Purinergic signalling · 2022Article
- The pleiotropic benefits of statins include the ability to reduce CD47 and amplify the effect of pro-efferocytic therapies in atherosclerosis.Nature cardiovascular research · 2022Article
- Simvastatin Inhibits CYR61 Expression in Orbital Fibroblasts in Graves' Ophthalmopathy through the Regulation of FoxO3a Signaling.Mediators of inflammation · 2021Article
- Down-regulation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor intensifies carcinogen-induced retinal lesion via SOCS3-STAT3 signaling.Cell biology and toxicology · 2020Article
- Circular Noncoding RNA NR3C1 Acts as a miR-382-5p Sponge to Protect RPE Functions via Regulating PTEN/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2020Article
- A modified laser-induced choroidal neovascularization animal model with intravitreal oxidized low-density lipoprotein.International journal of ophthalmology · 2020Article
- The Question of a Role for Statins in Age-Related Macular Degeneration.International journal of molecular sciences · 2018Review
- c-Jun-mediated microRNA-302d-3p induces RPE dedifferentiation by targeting p21Cell death & disease · 2018Article
- Innate Immunity in the Persistent Inflammation, Immunosuppression, and Catabolism Syndrome and Its Implications for Therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- Epigenetic Treatment of Neurodegenerative Ophthalmic Disorders: An Eye Toward the Future.BioResearch open access · 2017Review
- Efferocytosis and Outside-In Signaling by Cardiac Phagocytes. Links to Repair, Cellular Programming, and Intercellular Crosstalk in Heart.Frontiers in immunology · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Phagocytosis of daily shed photoreceptor outer segments is an important function of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and it is essential for retinal homeostasis. RPE dysfunction, especially impairment of its phagocytic ability, plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Statins, or HMG CoA (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A) reductase inhibitors, are drugs with multiple properties that have been extensively used to treat hyperlipidemia. However, their effect on RPE cells has not been fully elucidated. Here we report that high dose atorvastatin increased the phagocytic function of ARPE-19 cells, as well as rescue the cells from the phagocytic dysfunction induced by cholesterol crystals and oxidized low-density lipoproteins (ox-LDL), potentially by increasing the cellular membrane fluidity. Similar effects were observed when evaluating two other hydrophobic statins, lovastatin and simvastatin. Furthermore, atorvastatin was able to block the induction of interleukins IL-6 and IL-8 triggered by pathologic stimuli relevant to AMD, such as cholesterol crystals and ox-LDL. Our study shows that statins, a well-tolerated class of drugs with rare serious adverse effects, help preserve the phagocytic function of the RPE while also exhibiting anti-inflammatory properties. Both characteristics make statins a potential effective medication for the prevention and treatment of AMD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.