ArticleJournal of personalized medicine2017
Accuracy in Wrist-Worn, Sensor-Based Measurements of Heart Rate and Energy Expenditure in a Diverse Cohort.
Article in Journal of personalized medicine, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 288 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
288 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A Systematic Review of Chest-Worn Sensors in Cardiac Assessment: Technologies, Advantages, and Limitations.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Pooled it
- Ecological Momentary Assessment: A Meta-Analysis on Designs, Samples, and Compliance Across Research Fields.Assessment · 2023Pooled it
- Accuracy and Precision of Energy Expenditure, Heart Rate, and Steps Measured by Combined-Sensing Fitbits Against Reference Measures: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2022Pooled it
- Telemonitoring of Real-World Health Data in Cardiology: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Recommendations for determining the validity of consumer wearable heart rate devices: expert statement and checklist of the INTERLIVE Network.British journal of sports medicine · 2021Guideline
- Breath variability increases in the minutes preceding obstructive sleep apneic events.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2021Trial
- Data-Minimizing Motion-Gated Artificial Intelligence Decision Support for Electric Micro-Mobility: An Architecture-Feasibility Study.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Validation of heart rate measurements from the polar verity sense during the submaximal Ekblom-Bak test in adult individuals with obesity.Journal of rehabilitation medicine · 2026Article
- The Representation of Different Populations in Studies Assessing the Validity of Consumer Wearable Photoplethysmography-Based Measurements: Scoping Review.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2026Article
- Transition dynamics modeling of pre-trained accelerometry representations for time to diagnosis of Parkinson's disease.Lifetime data analysis · 2026Article
- Role of telemedicine in cardiovascular care in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice · 2026Review
- HEART-Watch: A multimodal physiological dataset from a Google Pixel Watch across different physical states.PLOS digital health · 2026Article
- Response: Could a Short Incremental Test Be a Valid Cardiorespiratory Efficiency Assessment Tool in Obese Adults? A Comparison between Two Exercise Testing Protocols (J Obes Metab Syndr 2025;34:282-90).Journal of obesity & metabolic syndrome · 2026Article
- Consumer Smartwatch Technology in Health and Performance Research: Validity, Limitations, and Real-World Applications.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Device-embedded accelerometry complements neural signals for tracking parkinsonian motor states.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Smartwatch-derived exercise metrics as predictors of early hypertension: a prospective observational study.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026Observational
- Physical activity and caloric expenditure after adolescent concussion: a comparison with uninjured controls.The Physician and sportsmedicine · 2026Article
- Lessons Learned on the Use of Wearables in Tracking Health Indicators Among Farmworkers in North Carolina Exposed to Extreme Heat Conditions.Public health challenges · 2026Article
- Reliability and Safety of Smartwatch Blood Pressure and Oxygen Saturation Measurements in Older Adults: Instrument Validation Study.JMIR formative research · 2026Article
- PPG-Based Heart Rate Accuracy in Hispanic Adults with Fitzpatrick III-V Skin Tones: An Evaluation of Body Composition and Skin-Tone Effects.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
228 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The ability to measure physical activity through wrist-worn devices provides an opportunity for cardiovascular medicine. However, the accuracy of commercial devices is largely unknown. The aim of this work is to assess the accuracy of seven commercially available wrist-worn devices in estimating heart rate (HR) and energy expenditure (EE) and to propose a wearable sensor evaluation framework. We evaluated the Apple Watch, Basis Peak, Fitbit Surge, Microsoft Band, Mio Alpha 2, PulseOn, and Samsung Gear S2. Participants wore devices while being simultaneously assessed with continuous telemetry and indirect calorimetry while sitting, walking, running, and cycling. Sixty volunteers (29 male, 31 female, age 38 ± 11 years) of diverse age, height, weight, skin tone, and fitness level were selected. Error in HR and EE was computed for each subject/device/activity combination. Devices reported the lowest error for cycling and the highest for walking. Device error was higher for males, greater body mass index, darker skin tone, and walking. Six of the devices achieved a median error for HR below 5% during cycling. No device achieved an error in EE below 20 percent. The Apple Watch achieved the lowest overall error in both HR and EE, while the Samsung Gear S2 reported the highest. In conclusion, most wrist-worn devices adequately measure HR in laboratory-based activities, but poorly estimate EE, suggesting caution in the use of EE measurements as part of health improvement programs. We propose reference standards for the validation of consumer health devices (http://precision.stanford.edu/).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.