Observational studyMedicine2017
Effects of intensive training on menstrual function and certain serum hormones and peptides related to the female reproductive system.
Observational study in Medicine, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic Review: Does Exercise Training Influence Ghrelin Levels?International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Effect of long-term exercise on circulating ghrelin in overweight and obese individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Ghrelin Response to Acute and Chronic Exercise: Insights and Implications from a Systematic Review of the Literature.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2021Pooled it
- Menstrual Cycle Characteristics and Perceived Impact in Female Volleyball Players.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The therapeutic role of exercise training during menopause for reducing vascular disease.Experimental physiology · 2026Review
- The Epidemiology of Premenstrual Syndrome and Sports Injuries Among National-Level Adolescent Female Badminton Athletes.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Menstrual Health in Servicewomen: The Menstrual Cycle, Menstrual Disturbances, and Occupational Consequences.Sports medicine - open · 2026Review
- The orexin system as a pharmacological target in inflammation: peripheral mechanisms and safety implications.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Review
- Menstrual cycles and the impact upon performance in elite British track and field athletes: a longitudinal study.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2024Article
- Article
- Menstrual disturbances in British Servicewomen: A cross-sectional observational study of prevalence and risk factors.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Article
- "A LEAP 2 conclusions? Targeting the ghrelin system to treat obesity and diabetes".Molecular metabolism · 2021Review
- Effects of different intensities of exercise on folliculogenesis in mice: Which is better?Clinical and experimental reproductive medicine · 2021Article
- Fasted plasma asprosin concentrations are associated with menstrual cycle phase, oral contraceptive use and training status in healthy women.European journal of applied physiology · 2021Article
- Energy Deficiency in Soldiers: The Risk of the Athlete Triad and Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport Syndromes in the Military.Frontiers in nutrition · 2020Review
- Neuropeptide Y and dipeptidyl peptidase IV in normally cycling and postmenopausal women: A prospective pilot study.Medicine · 2019Observational
- Ghrelin mediates exercise endurance and the feeding response post-exercise.Molecular metabolism · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the effects of intensive training on menstrual function and related serum hormones and peptides.Forty female participants who attended a training course for an officer at the Korea Third Military Academy, and had regular menstrual periods were enrolled. Menstrual questionnaires and fasting blood samples were collected before entry and at 4-week intervals for 8 weeks. The levels of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), cortisol, prolactin, endorphin-β, neuropeptide Y (NPY), leptin, orexin-A, ghrelin, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2), thyrotropin (TSH), and thyroxine (T4) were determined.Body mass index and waist circumference decreased during the training course. Intensive training of military cadets resulted in changes of menstruation and related biomarkers. The levels of CRH, endorphin-β, NPY, orexin-A, ghrelin, E2, and T4 decreased substantially, and cortisol, prolactin, and TSH increased. Seventy percent of participants with regular menstrual periods before developed irregular during the training course. Participants were then categorized into 2 groups: those with regular menstruation (n = 12) and those with irregular menstruation (n = 28). The levels of hormones and peptides were not different between the 2 groups.In conclusion, cortisol, prolactin, and TSH level increased but levels of CRH, endorphin-β, NPY, orexin-A, ghrelin, E2, and T4 decreased throughout the training. Moreover, the levels were not different between participants with normal menstruation and those with irregular menstruation. Further research should extend these findings by investigating the exact mechanism by which high exercise levels, including intensive training, interfere with regular menstruation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.