Evidence map›Paper›PMID 28536846›Full record

ArticleEuropean child & adolescent psychiatry2017

Time-on-task effects in children with and without ADHD: depletion of executive resources or depletion of motivation?

Tycho J Dekkers, Joost A Agelink van Rentergem, Alette Koole, Wery P M van den Wildenberg, Arne Popma, Anika Bexkens, Reino Stoffelsen, Anouk Diekmann, Hilde M Huizenga

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Article in European child & adolescent psychiatry, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
14citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

14 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Executive Function as an Underlying Mechanism of Alcohol Use, Aggression, and ADHD.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Investigative interviewing of youth with ADHD - recommendations for detective training.Psychiatry, psychology, and law : an interdisciplinary journal of the Australian and New Zealand Association of Psychiatry, Psychology and Law · 2020
    Article
  11. Positive-blank versus negative-blank feedback learning in children and adults.Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006) · 2019
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Tycho J DekkersDepartment of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129B, 1018 WS, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. t.j.dekkers@uva.nl.
Joost A Agelink van RentergemDepartment of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129B, 1018 WS, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Alette KooleDepartment of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129B, 1018 WS, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Wery P M van den WildenbergDepartment of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129B, 1018 WS, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Arne PopmaDepartment of Forensic Psychiatry and Complex Behavioral Disorders, Academic Center for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, De Bascule, Rijksstraatweg 145, 1115 AP, Duivendrecht, The Netherlands.
Anika BexkensDepartment of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Reino StoffelsenDepartment of Forensic Psychiatry and Complex Behavioral Disorders, Academic Center for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, De Bascule, Rijksstraatweg 145, 1115 AP, Duivendrecht, The Netherlands.
Anouk DiekmannDepartment of Forensic Psychiatry and Complex Behavioral Disorders, Academic Center for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, De Bascule, Rijksstraatweg 145, 1115 AP, Duivendrecht, The Netherlands.
Hilde M HuizengaDepartment of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129B, 1018 WS, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Funding

NWO 453-12-005NWO 480-12-015
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are characterized by deficits in their executive functioning and motivation. In addition, these children are characterized by a decline in performance as time-on-task increases (i.e., time-on-task effects). However, it is unknown whether these time-on-task effects should be attributed to deficits in executive functioning or to deficits in motivation. Some studies in typically developing (TD) adults indicated that time-on-task effects should be interpreted as depletion of executive resources, but other studies suggested that they represent depletion of motivation. We, therefore, investigated, in children with and without ADHD, whether there were time-on-task effects on executive functions, such as inhibition and (in)attention, and whether these were best explained by depletion of executive resources or depletion of motivation. The stop-signal task (SST), which generates both indices of inhibition (stop-signal reaction time) and attention (reaction time variability and errors), was administered in 96 children (42 ADHD, 54 TD controls; aged 9-13). To differentiate between depletion of resources and depletion of motivation, the SST was administered twice. Half of the participants was reinforced during second task performance, potentially counteracting depletion of motivation. Multilevel analyses indicated that children with ADHD were more affected by time-on-task than controls on two measures of inattention, but not on inhibition. In the ADHD group, reinforcement only improved performance on one index of attention (i.e., reaction time variability). The current findings suggest that time-on-task effects in children with ADHD occur specifically in the attentional domain, and seem to originate in both depletion of executive resources and depletion of motivation. Clinical implications for diagnostics, psycho-education, and intervention are discussed.

Indexed as

Attention Deficit Disorder with HyperactivityChildExecutive FunctionFemaleHumansMaleMotivationTask Performance and AnalysisADHDDepletionExecutive functioningInhibitionReinforcementTime-on-task

Identifiers

PMID28536846
PMCPMC5701950

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.