ReviewFrontiers in immunology2017
Thyroid Autoimmunity: Role of Anti-thyroid Antibodies in Thyroid and Extra-Thyroidal Diseases.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 221 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
221 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 442 citations in OpenAlex.
- Multi-ancestry genome-wide association analyses provide insights into the genetic basis of Hashimoto's thyroiditis.Nature genetics · 2026Pooled it
- Comorbid autoimmune disease in stiff-person syndrome spectrum disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of neurology · 2026Pooled it
- Selenium Supplementation in Patients with Hashimoto Thyroiditis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association · 2024Pooled it
- The relationship between thyroid peroxidase antibody and differentiated thyroid cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Pooled it
- Is there any association between fluoride exposure and thyroid function modulation? A systematic review.PloS one · 2024Pooled it
- Salivary Alterations in Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Pooled it
- Azathioprine as an adjuvant therapy in severe Graves' disease: a randomized controlled open-label clinical trial.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Trial
- Predicting response and toxicity to PD-1 inhibition using serum autoantibodies identified from immuno-mass spectrometry.F1000Research · 2020Trial
- Oxidative DNA damage level and lipid peroxidation status in subclinical hypothyroid patients compared with euthyroid individuals.Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences · 2026Article
- Beyond the Nerves: Thyroid Autoimmunity as a Non-Neural Factor for Post-Thyroidectomy Dysphonia.Laryngoscope investigative otolaryngology · 2026Article
- Long-term natural history of thyroid peroxidase antibodies in a population-based cohort: Findings from 18 years of follow-up in Tehran Thyroid Study (TTS).Journal of translational autoimmunity · 2026Article
- Pragmatic Use of Thyroid Autoantibodies in Clinical Practice: An Update.TouchREVIEWS in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Thyroid dysfunction and its association with micronutrients, lipids, and inflammation: an analytical case-control study.BMC endocrine disorders · 2026Observational
- Thyroid peroxidase antibodies in bipolar disorder: implications for clinical sub-phenotypes and lithium response.International journal of bipolar disorders · 2026Article
- Brain fatigue in Graves' disease: symptoms and presentation of a possible mechanism at the cellular level.European thyroid journal · 2026Review
- Association Between Autoimmune Thyroiditis and Cervical Artery Dissection: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Part 1: The Role of Thyroglobulin Antibodies in Thyroid Cancer Development and Aggressiveness.Cancers · 2026Article
- Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins as a reliable predictive blood test for thyroid eye disease.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Stability-aware LSTM-MPC framework for personalized levothyroxine dosing in Hashimoto's thyroiditis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Labial-gland artificial intelligence model screening for autoimmune thyroiditis among patients with connective tissue disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
161 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases have a high prevalence in the population, and autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is one of the most common representatives. Thyroid autoantibodies are not only frequently detected in patients with AITD but also in subjects without manifest thyroid dysfunction. The high prevalence raises questions regarding a potential role in extra-thyroidal diseases. This review summarizes the etiology and mechanism of AITD and addresses prevalence of antibodies against thyroid peroxidase, thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR), and anti-thyroglobulin and their action outside the thyroid. The main issues limiting the reliability of the conclusions drawn here include problems with different specificities and sensitivities of the antibody detection assays employed, as well as potential confounding effects of altered thyroid hormone levels, and lack of prospective studies. In addition to the well-known effects of TSHR antibodies on fibroblasts in Graves' disease (GD), studies speculate on a role of anti-thyroid antibodies in cancer. All antibodies may have a tumor-promoting role in breast cancer carcinogenesis despite anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies having a positive prognostic effect in patients with overt disease. Cross-reactivity with lactoperoxidase leading to induction of chronic inflammation might promote breast cancer, while anti-thyroid antibodies in manifest breast cancer might be an indication for a more active immune system. A better general health condition in older women with anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies might support this hypothesis. The different actions of the anti-thyroid antibodies correspond to differences in cellular location of the antigens, titers of the circulating antibodies, duration of antibody exposure, and immunological mechanisms in GD and Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.