ReviewFrontiers in pharmacology2017
Immune Checkpoint in Glioblastoma: Promising and Challenging.
Review in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 98 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
98 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 151 citations in OpenAlex.
- Screening for distress in patients with primary brain tumor using distress thermometer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC cancer · 2018Pooled it
- The microenvironment of glioblastoma: in pursuit of universal multimodal immunotherapy.Acta neurologica Belgica · 2026Review
- Heat up and Destroy: Immunotherapy of "Cold" Tumors Using the Example of Glioblastoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- TREM1 unleashes immunosuppression in glioma: targeting macrophage polarization as a new therapeutic vulnerability.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- The evolution of chemotherapy in brain tumors: from historical milestones to precision medicine in glioblastoma.Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy · 2026Review
- Emerging trends in cell-based therapies: contemporary advances and ethical considerations in translational neurosurgical oncology.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2025Review
- Role of the TLR signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of glioblastoma multiforme with an emphasis on immunotherapy.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2025Review
- Advances in bioengineered CAR T/NK cell therapy for glioblastoma: Overcoming immunosuppression and nanotechnology-based strategies for enhanced CAR T/NK cell therapy.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2025Review
- High expression of SOX9 is a diagnostic and prognostic indicator of glioma.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- NCAPH serves as a prognostic factor and promotes the tumor progression in glioma through PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2025Article
- Identification of Key Immune and Cell Cycle Modules and Prognostic Genes for Glioma Patients through Transcriptome Analysis.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Glioblastoma Tumor Microenvironment: An Important Modulator for Tumoral Progression and Therapy Resistance.Current issues in molecular biology · 2024Review
- Understanding the immunosuppressive microenvironment of glioma: mechanistic insights and clinical perspectives.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2024Review
- Association of TNFRSF19 with a TNF family-based prognostic model and subtypes in gliomas using machine learning.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Engineered smart materials for RNA based molecular therapy to treat Glioblastoma.Bioactive materials · 2024Article
- High Expression of RAB32 Predicts Adverse Outcomes: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Glioblastoma.Journal of Cancer · 2024Article
- Molecular and immunological features of TREM1 and its emergence as a prognostic indicator in glioma.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- The Role of Antibody-Based Therapies in Neuro-Oncology.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Article
- Immunotherapeutic Approaches for the Treatment of Glioblastoma Multiforme: Mechanism and Clinical Applications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
38 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a severe malignant brain cancer with poor overall survival. Conventional intervention remains dismal to prevent recurrence and deterioration of GBM cell. Recent years have witnessed exciting breakthroughs in novel immune strategies, especially checkpoint inhibitors, some of which have become adjuvant setting after standard of care in melanoma. Several clinical trials of checkpoint inhibitors are ongoing in glioblastoma and other brain carcinomas. Plus, synergistic combinations of checkpoint inhibitors with conventional therapy strategies-radiotherapy, temozolomide, bevacizumab, and corticosteroids are now being exploited and applied in clinical settings. This review highlights the recent developments of checkpoints in GBM immunotherapy to provide a brief and comprehensive review of current treatment options. Furthermore, we will discuss challenges remained, such as unique immune system of central nervous system (CNS), immune-related toxicities, synergies, and adverse interactions of combination therapies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.