ArticleBiomedicines2017
Reduced Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines after Eight Weeks of Low-Dose Naltrexone for Fibromyalgia.
Article in Biomedicines, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 47 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
IC PaIN Trial: Interstitial Cystitis Pain Improvement With Naltrexone, the Effect of Low Dose Naltrexone on Symptoms and Pain of Patients With Interstitial Cystitis/Painful Bladder Syndrome a Randomized Placebo-controlled Prospective Trial
Safety and Efficacy of Naltrexone/Acetaminophen for the Acute Treatment of Migraine: A Single-Site, Phase 2 Randomized Trial
Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Low Dose Naltrexone In The Management Of Chronic Pain Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis Of Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials.Current pain and headache reports · 2025Pooled it
- Low-Dose Naltrexone for Chronic Pain: Update and Systemic Review.Current pain and headache reports · 2020Pooled it
- Efficacy of Low-Dose Naltrexone in Women With Fibromyalgia Syndrome: A 12-Month Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Single-Centre Clinical Trial (INNOVA Study).European journal of pain (London, England) · 2026Trial
- Low-dose naltrexone as an adjunctive treatment for major depressive disorder: findings from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled hybrid parallel-arm study.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Pilot RCT comparing low-dose naltrexone, gabapentin and placebo to reduce pain among people with HIV with alcohol problems.PloS one · 2024Trial
- Low-Dose Dextromethorphan for the Treatment of Fibromyalgia Pain: Results from a Longitudinal, Single-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Trial.Journal of pain research · 2021Trial
- Therapeutic and research frontiers in fibromyalgia: integrating pathophysiology with innovative drug repurposing.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Review
- Prevalence and treatment response of neuropsychiatric disorders in mast cell activation syndrome.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Article
- Low-Dose Naltrexone for Severe Fibromyalgia Syndrome: A Report of a Case With Two-Year Follow-Up.Cureus · 2025Article
- Real-World Effectiveness and Tolerability of Low Dose Naltrexone to Treat Chronic Pain: A Retrospective Cohort Study of One Pain Physician's Practice.Journal of pain research · 2025Article
- Low-Dose naltrexone restored TRPM3 ion channel function in natural killer cells from long COVID patients.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2025Article
- Microglia's Phenotypic Heterogeneity in Pain Pathogenesis and Electroacupuncture Analgesia: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential.Journal of pain research · 2025Review
- Pharmacologic treatment of fibromyalgia: an update.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Assessing the Impact of IL-6 and Serotonin on Pain and Symptomatology in Fibromyalgia: An Exploratory Clinical Study.Journal of personalized medicine · 2024Article
- Review
- Low-dose naltrexone and NAD+ for the treatment of patients with persistent fatigue symptoms after COVID-19.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2024Article
- Temporal changes of spinal microglia in murine models of neuropathic pain: a scoping review.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Altered response to Toll-like receptor 4 activation in fibromyalgia: A low-dose, human experimental endotoxemia pilot study.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2023Article
- Low-dose naltrexone's utility for non-cancer centralized pain conditions: a scoping review.Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Fibromyalgia (FM) is a complex, multi-symptom condition that predominantly affects women. The majority of those affected are unlikely to gain significant symptomatic control from the few treatments that are approved for FM. In this 10-week, single-blind, crossover trial we tested the immune effects of eight weeks of oral administration of low-dose naltrexone (LDN). We enrolled eight women with an average age of 46 years, symptom severity of 62 out of 100, and symptom duration of 14 years. We found that LDN was associated with reduced plasma concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-1Ra, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p40, IL-12p70, IL-15, IL-17A, IL-27, interferon (IFN)-α, transforming growth factor (TGF)-α, TGF-β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF). We also found a 15% reduction of FM-associated pain and an 18% reduction in overall symptoms. The findings of this pilot trial suggest that LDN treatment in fibromyalgia is associated with a reduction of several key pro-inflammatory cytokines and symptoms. The potential role of LDN as an atypical anti-inflammatory medication should be explored further.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.