Trial reportThe Journal of allergy and clinical immunology2018
Income is an independent risk factor for worse asthma outcomes.
Trial report in The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 93 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Digital Asthma Self-Management Program for Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2025Trial
- Socioeconomic status associates with worse asthma morbidity among Black and Latinx adults.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2022Trial
- Exacerbation-prone asthma in the context of race and ancestry in Asthma Clinical Research Network trials.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2019Trial
- Dietary and Plasma Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Are Inversely Associated with Asthma and Atopy in Early Childhood.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice · 2019Trial
- Clustering of self-reported social and environmental risk factors identifies vulnerable subgroups with increased asthma morbidity.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. Global · 2026Article
- Hierarchical clustering for disentangling population vulnerability to asthma.Environmental advances · 2026Article
- Drivers of disparities in asthma exacerbation and healthcare utilization: a quantitative analysis of neighborhood deprivation in Southern California, United States.Preventive medicine reports · 2026Article
- A 56-Year-Old Woman With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus on Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Prophylaxis Presenting With Breakthrough Nocardiosis.The American journal of case reports · 2026Article
- Dynamic associations of neighborhood social and physical environment with ED visits for asthma: A spatial change score analysis.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. Global · 2026Article
- Spatial variation of asthma rates in Los Angeles County by environmental and socioeconomic indicators.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2026Article
- Factors associated with acute unscheduled care visits for asthma in the all of US dataset.The American journal of emergency medicine · 2025Article
- The predictive value of multiple urinary metals in evaluating death risk in asthmatic individuals: a prospective cohort study.Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine · 2025Article
- Cost-related barriers to medication use among diverse participants with obesity-associated asthma.Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy · 2025Article
- Association between income, employment status, and asthma outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2025Article
- Asthma prevalence and risk factors in Poonch and Rajouri districts, India: an epidemiological and geospatial analysis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Managing childhood asthma with an eye toward environmental, social, and behavioral features.Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology · 2025Review
- Socioeconomic status has direct impact on asthma control: Turkish adult asthma registry.Clinical and translational allergy · 2025Article
- Neighborhood Deprivation and Crime on Asthma Exacerbations and Utilization in Mild Adult Asthma.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice · 2024Article
- Considering different Montreal Cognitive Assessment cutoff scores for older adults with asthma.Allergy and asthma proceedings · 2024Article
- Exploring the relationship between school-supervised asthma therapy and social determinants of health in pediatric asthma care.Pediatric pulmonology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
19 authors at 13 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSocioeconomic status (SES) is associated with asthma morbidity in observational studies, but the factors underlying this association are uncertain.
objectiveWe investigated whether 3 SES correlates-low income, low education, and high perceived stress-were independent risk factors for treatment failure and asthma exacerbations in the context of a randomized controlled trial.
methodsThe effect of low SES (household income of <$50,000/y and household educational level of less than a Bachelor's degree) and high perceived stress (defined as a score of >20 on a perceived stress scale) on asthma morbidity was analyzed in 381 participants by using Poisson regression models. The primary outcome was treatment failure (defined in the trial protocol as a significant clinical or airflow deterioration), and the secondary outcome was asthma exacerbations requiring systemic corticosteroids.
resultsFifty-four percent of participants had a low income, 40% had a low educational level, and 17% had high perceived stress levels. Even after adjusting for race and other important confounders, participants with lower income had higher rates of both treatment failures (rate ratio, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.1-2.3; P = .03) and exacerbations (rate ratio, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.1-3.3; P = .02). Adherence with inhaled corticosteroids was similarly high for both income categories. Education and perceived stress were not significantly associated with either outcome.
conclusionsIn the context of a randomized controlled trial, participants with lower income were more likely to experience adverse asthma outcomes independent of education, perceived stress, race, and medication adherence.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.