ArticleAmerican journal of epidemiology2017
Examining the Social Context of Injection Drug Use: Social Proximity to Persons Who Inject Drugs Versus Geographic Proximity to Persons Who Inject Drugs.
Article in American journal of epidemiology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed.
- Characteristics of People Who Inject Drugs Approached for Injection Assistance in Rural Kentucky.Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs · 2026Article
- Hepatitis C virus transmission among people who inject drugs in rural United States: mathematical modeling study using stochastic agent-based network simulation.American journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Examining the social and behavioral dynamics of substance use in a longitudinal network study in rural Appalachia.Addictive behaviors · 2024Article
- Analysis and mapping of harm reduction research in the context of injectable drug use: identifying research hotspots, gaps and future directions.Harm reduction journal · 2024Article
- Article
- Deep learning and social network analysis elucidate drivers of HIV transmission in a high-incidence cohort of people who inject drugs.Science advances · 2022Article
- Extent and implications of omitted ties on network measures in a longitudinal social network survey of people who use drugs.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2022Article
- Assortativity and Bias in Epidemiologic Studies of Contagious Outcomes: A Simulated Example in the Context of Vaccination.American journal of epidemiology · 2021Article
- Article
- "He's under oath": Privacy and Confidentiality Views Among People Who Inject Drugs Enrolled in a Study of Social Networks and Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Hepatitis C Virus Risk.Journal of empirical research on human research ethics : JERHRE · 2021Article
- Social network predictors of recent and sustained injection drug use cessation: findings from a longitudinal cohort study.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2021Article
- Self-perception of assisting with future injection drug initiation: The influence of relationships in the process of drug injecting initiation.Drug and alcohol review · 2021Article
- Peer influence of injection drug use cessation among dyads in rural eastern Kentucky.The International journal on drug policy · 2020Article
- Opioid-related overdose deaths among African Americans: Implications for research, practice and policy.Drug and alcohol review · 2020Article
- People, places, and stigma: A qualitative study exploring the overdose risk environment in rural Kentucky.The International journal on drug policy · 2020Article
- Hepatitis A Outbreaks Associated With the Opioid Epidemic in Kentucky Counties, 2017-2018.American journal of public health · 2020Article
- Rural risk environments for hepatitis c among young adults in appalachian kentucky.The International journal on drug policy · 2019Article
- Using Network and Spatial Data to Better Target Overdose Prevention Strategies in Rural Appalachia.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2019Article
- Network-Based Research on Rural Opioid Use: an Overview of Methods and Lessons Learned.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
In this analysis, we used social network and spatial data to examine associations between people's drug injection status and their social and/or spatial proximity to others who injected drugs. We recruited 503 rural Kentucky residents who used drugs to participate in the Social Networks among Appalachian People (SNAP) Study (2008-2010). Interviewer-administered surveys collected information on recent (past 6 months) sex, drug-use, and social-support network members (n = 897 ties). Using network simulations, we determined a threshold for the association between social proximity to others who injected drugs and recent injection status ("socially proximal" was defined by a shortest path ≤2). We defined "geographically proximal" as the median road-network distance between pairs of individuals who both injected drugs (≤7 miles (≤11.2 km)). Logistic regression was used to determine the independent and joint associations between the number of socially and/or geographically proximal injecting peers and a person's injection status. After adjustment, the odds of recent injection increased by 0.4% for each injecting peer who was geographically proximal but not socially proximal, 12% for each geographically and socially proximal injecting peer, and 22% for each injecting peer who was socially proximal but not geographically proximal. When implementing network-based interventions which promote cessation of injection drug use, investigators should consider collecting sociometric network data to examine whether the intervention diffuses through the network and whether there are additive or threshold effects.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.