ArticleCureus2017
Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis Show Unique Cytokine Profiles.
Article in Cureus, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 87 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
87 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 132 citations in OpenAlex.
- Role of environmental factors in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease: a critical review.International journal of colorectal disease · 2019Pooled it
- Exposure-Response Analyses for Upadacitinib Efficacy and Safety in the Crohn's Disease CELEST Study and Bridging to the Extended-Release Formulation.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2020Trial
- Evaluation of Melatonin Secretion and Metabolism Exponents in Patients with Ulcerative and Lymphocytic Colitis.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018Trial
- Electrophysiological and Proteomic Evidence of Protease-Mediated Pro-nociceptive Signaling in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2026Article
- Secondary bile acid lithocholic acid ameliorates colitis-like inflammation in a human intestine-on-chip system.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Elevated serum sortilin reflects inflammatory burden and coagulation dysfunction in ulcerative colitis.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Probiotic drug interactions in ulcerative colitis: a microbiota and metabolite perspective.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Unraveling the Pathogenetic Potential and Immune Crosstalk of Yersinia spp. in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.Journal of immunology research · 2026Review
- From Cytokines to Biomarkers: Mapping the Immunopathology of Inflammatory Bowel Disease.Cells · 2025Review
- Cannabinoid Receptor 2 (CB2) in Macrophages: A Promising Clinical Target for Immune Disorders.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Increased Colonic Levels of CD8+ Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-Associated Mediators in Patients With Microscopic Colitis.Inflammatory bowel diseases · 2025Article
- Efficacy and Safety of Infliximab and Vedolizumab Maintenance Therapy in Patients with Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Gut Feelings: How Microbes, Diet, and Host Immunity Shape Disease.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Immune dysregulation in bipolar disorder.Journal of affective disorders · 2025Article
- Leveraging Organ-on-Chip Models to Investigate Host-Microbiota Dynamics and Targeted Therapies for Inflammatory Bowel Disease.Advanced healthcare materials · 2025Review
- The ulcerative colitis risk gene adenylyl cyclase 7 restrains the T-helper 2 phenotype and Class II antigen presentation.Journal of Crohn's & colitis · 2025Article
- Dichotomous effects of Galectin-9 in disease modulation in murine models of inflammatory bowel disease.Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 2025Article
- Targeting CD4+ T cells through gut microbiota: therapeutic potential of traditional Chinese medicine in inflammatory bowel disease.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Advancements in dual biologic therapy for inflammatory bowel diseases: efficacy, safety, and future directions.Therapeutic advances in gastroenterology · 2025Review
- Co-prevalence of chronic rhinosinusitis and inflammatory bowel disease: A large aggregated electronic health record study.International forum of allergy & rhinology · 2024Article
27 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionNetworks of cytokines have been implicated in both forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD): Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). While CD has associated with T-helper type 1 (Th1) immune responses, UC shows Th2 patterns. Recent studies reported that the inflamed intestinal regions in both CD and UC are significantly infiltrated with a newly described set of T helper, the Th17 cells. These cells have unique cytokine responses. These findings prompted us to further explore the cytokine profiles of CD and UC with a special focus on the Th2 and Th17 related mediators.
methodsCytokine transcripts were compared using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in both inflamed and non-inflamed mucosal specimens from patients with active CD (n=35) or UC (n=20) and without CD or UC (Control, n=54).
resultsIn both CD and UC, interleukin (IL)-12 (p40), IL-18, IL-21 and IL-27 transcript levels were higher than in Control. The highest levels of cytokines were found in the diseased areas of CD and UC with only one exception; IL-12 (p40) in CD was more up-regulated in the non-diseased areas compared to diseased CD and Control specimens. CD samples but not UC specimens showed significant IL-17, IL-23, and IL-32 mRNA expression indicating a trend toward Th17 responses. In UC, however, IL-5, IL-13, IL-15 and IL-33 mRNA levels were significantly increased when compared to both CD and Control.
conclusionsThe unique patterns of cytokine networks can help us to better understand the differential expression of their characteristic pathophysiology. In addition, the pharmacological regulation of these small molecules may hold promise to more effective and personalized therapies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.