ReviewWorld journal of gastrointestinal pharmacology and therapeutics2017
Combination therapy for inflammatory bowel disease.
Review in World journal of gastrointestinal pharmacology and therapeutics, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- A decade of clinical data with vedolizumab: the past, present, and future.Therapeutic advances in gastroenterology · 2026Review
- Real-Life Use of Subcutaneous Biologicals and JAK Inhibitors in IBD Maintenance Therapy: Treatment Continuation, Switching Patterns, and Concomitant Medications.Clinical and experimental gastroenterology · 2026Article
- Combining mechanistic modeling with machine learning as a strategy to predict inflammatory bowel disease clinical scores.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Using Automated Machine Learning to Predict Necessary Upcoming Therapy Changes in Patients With Psoriasis Vulgaris and Psoriatic Arthritis and Uncover New Influences on Disease Progression: Retrospective Study.JMIR formative research · 2024Article
- Analysis of the risk of oncological adverse events associated with infliximab in combination with azathioprine compared to monotherapy: insights from the FAERS database.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- Glycosides as Potential Medicinal Components for Ulcerative Colitis: A Review.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Advances in Lipid-Based Codelivery Systems for Cancer and Inflammatory Diseases.Advanced healthcare materials · 2023Review
- Use of thiopurines in inflammatory bowel disease: an update.Intestinal research · 2022Review
- Impact of the Concomitant Use of Immunomodulator and a Lower Week 8 Partial Mayo Score on the Persistence of Adalimumab in Refractory Ulcerative Colitis.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2021Observational
- The Guide to Guidelines in Ulcerative Colitis: Interpretation and Appropriate Use in Clinical Practice.Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2021Article
- Article
- Impact of immunomodulator use on treatment persistence in patients with ulcerative colitis: A claims database analysis.Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology · 2020Article
- Withdrawal of Azathioprine in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients Who Sustain Remission: New Risk Factors for Relapse.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2019Observational
- Higher Mucosal Healing with Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors in Combination with Thiopurines Compared to Methotrexate in Crohn's Disease.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2019Observational
- Immune Mechanisms and Pathways Targeted in Type 1 Diabetes.Current diabetes reports · 2018Review
- Is the pharmaceutical industry's preoccupation with the monotherapy drug model stifling the development of effective new drug therapies?Inflammopharmacology · 2018Article
- Improving IBD Care: A Personalized Approach to Management.Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2018Article
- Revisiting the Role of Thiopurines in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Through Pharmacogenomics and Use of Novel Methods for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Biologic therapies such as infliximab and adalimumab have become mainstays of treatment for inflammatory bowel disease. Early studies suggested that combination therapy (CT) with infliximab and an immunomodulator drug such as azathioprine may help optimize biologic pharmacokinetics, minimize immunogenicity, and improve outcomes. The landmark SONIC trial in Crohn's disease and the UC SUCCESS trial in ulcerative colitis demonstrated CT with infliximab and azathioprine to be superior to monotherapy with either agent alone at inducing clinical remission in treatment naïve patients with moderate to severe disease. However, many unanswered questions linger. The role of CT in non-naive patients as well as the optimal duration of CT remains unknown. The effectiveness of CT with alternate biologics and/or alternate immunomodulators is not as clear, and it is unknown whether SONIC's conclusions can be extrapolated beyond infliximab and azathioprine. Also looming are the risks of CT including opportunistic infection and malignancy; specifically, lymphoma. This review lays out the evidence as it pertains to the risks and benefits of CT as well as the areas that require further research. With this information in hand, the practitioner may develop a treatment strategy that best suits each individual patient.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.