SynthesisScientific reports2017
Investigating the causal effect of smoking on hay fever and asthma: a Mendelian randomization meta-analysis in the CARTA consortium.
Open access · goldAbstract readMeta-Analysis
In one paragraph
Synthesis in Scientific reports, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
23citing papers in PubMed
2.5field-weighted citation impact, top 11% of its field
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Integration of biobank-scale genetics and plasma proteomics reveals evidence for causal processes in asthma risk and heterogeneity.Cell genomics · 2025Article
- Assessing the Complex Impact of Smoking Habits on Allergic Rhinitis: A National Cross-Sectional Study.Clinical and experimental otorhinolaryngology · 2025Article
- Dissecting the pathogenic effects of smoking in blood DNA methylation on allergic diseases.The World Allergy Organization journal · 2024Article
- Grand challenges in genetics and epidemiology of allergic diseases: from genome to exposome and back.Frontiers in allergy · 2024Article
- Systematic replication of smoking disease associations using survey responses and EHR data in the All of Us Research Program.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA · 2023Article
- The Link between Periodontal Disease and Asthma: How Do These Two Diseases Affect Each Other?Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Beta2-adrenoreceptor agonists and long-term risk of Parkinson's disease.Parkinsonism & related disorders · 2023Article
- Causal risk factors for asthma in Mendelian randomization studies: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical and translational allergy · 2022Review
- Multiple Tobacco Product Use among Adolescents with Asthma in Korea.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Asthma and Tobacco Smoking.Journal of personalized medicine · 2022Review
- Association of milk intake with hay fever, asthma, and lung function: a Mendelian randomization analysis.European journal of epidemiology · 2022Article
- Smoking behavior might affect allergic rhinitis and vasomotor rhinitis differently: A mendelian randomization appraisal.The World Allergy Organization journal · 2022Article
- Review
- Mental Health and the Association between Asthma and E-cigarette Use among Young Adults in The United States: A Mediation Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Proxy gene-by-environment Mendelian randomization study confirms a causal effect of maternal smoking on offspring birthweight, but little evidence of long-term influences on offspring health.International journal of epidemiology · 2020Article
- Lifetime Smoking and Asthma: A Mendelian Randomization Study.Frontiers in genetics · 2020Article
- Genetic Architectures of Childhood- and Adult-Onset Asthma Are Partly Distinct.American journal of human genetics · 2019Article
- The Effects of Dietary Supplements on Asthma and Lung Cancer Risk in Smokers and Non-Smokers: A Review of the Literature.Nutrients · 2019Review
- The potential impact and cost-effectiveness of tobacco reduction strategies for tuberculosis prevention in Canadian Inuit communities.BMC medicine · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
54 authors at 18 institutions in 8 countries.
Tea SkaabyResearch Centre for Prevention and Health, Centre for Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark. tea.skaaby.01@regionh.dk.ORCID 0000-0003-0031-5726
Amy E TaylorMRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Rikke K JacobsenResearch Centre for Prevention and Health, Centre for Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Lavinia PaternosterMRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Betina H ThuesenResearch Centre for Prevention and Health, Centre for Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Tarunveer S AhluwaliaCopenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood (COPSAC), Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Sofus C LarsenResearch unit for Dietary Studies, the Parker Institute, Frederiksberg and Bispebjerg Hospitals, The Capital Region, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
Ang ZhouCentre for Population Health Research, School of Health Sciences and Sansom Institute of Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
Andrew WongMRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-2079-4779
Maiken E GabrielsenK.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.
Johan H BjørngaardForensic Department and Research Centre Bröset St. Olav's University Hospital Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway.
Claudia FlexederInstitute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
Satu MännistöDepartment of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
Rebecca HardyMRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, London, UK.
Diana KuhMRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, London, UK.
Sarah J BarryRobertson Centre for Biostatistics, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
Line Tang MøllehaveResearch Centre for Prevention and Health, Centre for Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Charlotte CerqueiraResearch Centre for Prevention and Health, Centre for Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Nele FriedrichResearch Centre for Prevention and Health, Centre for Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Tobias N BontenDepartment of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Raymond NoordamDepartment of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Dennis O Mook-KanamoriDepartment of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Christian TaubeDepartment of Pulmonary Medicine, Ruhrlandklinik, West German Lung Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
Leon E JessenCopenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood (COPSAC), Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID 0000-0003-2879-2559
Alex McConnachieRobertson Centre for Biostatistics, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
Naveed SattarInstitute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences & Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
Mark N UptonHelmsley Medical Centre, Helmsley, York, UK.
Charles McSharryInstitute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
Klaus BønnelykkeCopenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood (COPSAC), Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Hans BisgaardCopenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood (COPSAC), Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Holger SchulzInstitute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
Konstantin StrauchInstitute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
Thomas MeitingerInstitute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
Annette PetersGerman Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK e.V.), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, München, Germany.
Harald GrallertResearch Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
Ellen A NohrResearch Unit for Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
Mika KivimakiDepartment of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College London, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-4699-5627
Meena KumariISER, University of Essex, Colchester, UK.
Uwe VölkerInterfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
Matthias NauckInstitute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
Henry VölzkeInstitute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
Chris PowerPopulation, Policy and Practice, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, UK.
Elina HyppönenCentre for Population Health Research, School of Health Sciences and Sansom Institute of Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
Torben HansenThe Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section on Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Torben JørgensenResearch Centre for Prevention and Health, Centre for Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Oluf PedersenThe Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section on Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Veikko SalomaaNational Institute for Health and Welfare, Dept. of Health, Helsinki, Finland.
Niels GrarupThe Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section on Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID 0000-0001-5526-1070
Arnulf LanghammerHUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norwegian, Norway.
Pål R RomundstadDepartment of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
Frank SkorpenDepartment of laboratory medicine, children's and women's health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.
Jaakko KaprioUniversity of Helsinki, Dept. of Public Health, Helsinki, Finland.ORCID 0000-0002-3716-2455
Marcus R MunafòMRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-4049-993X
Allan LinnebergResearch Centre for Prevention and Health, Centre for Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID 0000-0002-0994-0184
University of Copenhagen · DKHelmholtz Zentrum München · DECapital Region of Denmark · DKNorwegian University of Science and Technology · NOUniversity of Glasgow · GBLeiden University Medical Center · NLMRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing · GBUniversitätsmedizin Greifswald · DEUniversity of Bristol · GBFinnish Institute for Health and Welfare · FIUniversity College London · GBUniversity of South Australia · AUFrederiksberg Hospital · DKRuhrlandklinik · DEUniversität Greifswald · DEUniversity of Essex · GBUniversity of Helsinki · FIUniversity of Southern Denmark · DK
Funding
Medical Research Council G1001799Medical Research Council MC_PC_15018Medical Research Council MC_UU_12013/4Medical Research Council MC_UU_12013/6Medical Research Council MC_UU_12019/1Medical Research Council MR/J012165/1Medical Research Council MR/J01351X/1Medical Research Council MR/K023195/1Medical Research Council MR/N01104X/1Medical Research Council MR/N01104X/2
Abstract
Observational studies on smoking and risk of hay fever and asthma have shown inconsistent results. However, observational studies may be biased by confounding and reverse causation. Mendelian randomization uses genetic variants as markers of exposures to examine causal effects. We examined the causal effect of smoking on hay fever and asthma by using the smoking-associated single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs16969968/rs1051730. We included 231,020 participants from 22 population-based studies. Observational analyses showed that current vs never smokers had lower risk of hay fever (odds ratio (OR) = 0·68, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0·61, 0·76; P < 0·001) and allergic sensitization (OR = 0·74, 95% CI: 0·64, 0·86; P < 0·001), but similar asthma risk (OR = 1·00, 95% CI: 0·91, 1·09; P = 0·967). Mendelian randomization analyses in current smokers showed a slightly lower risk of hay fever (OR = 0·958, 95% CI: 0·920, 0·998; P = 0·041), a lower risk of allergic sensitization (OR = 0·92, 95% CI: 0·84, 1·02; P = 0·117), but higher risk of asthma (OR = 1·06, 95% CI: 1·01, 1·11; P = 0·020) per smoking-increasing allele. Our results suggest that smoking may be causally related to a higher risk of asthma and a slightly lower risk of hay fever. However, the adverse events associated with smoking limit its clinical significance.
Indexed as
AdolescentAdultAllelesAsthmaDisease SusceptibilityGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseGenotypeHumansMendelian Randomization AnalysisMiddle AgedOdds RatioRhinitis, Allergic, SeasonalSmokingYoung Adult
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