ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2017
Comparison of Kaposi Sarcoma Risk in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Positive Adults Across 5 Continents: A Multiregional Multicohort Study.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Estimates of the global burden of HIV-attributable and all-cause AIDS-defining cancers: a population-based modeling study.Frontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
- Impact of Protease Inhibitors on HIV-Associated Kaposi Sarcoma Incidence: A Systematic Review.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2018Pooled it
- Safety, Activity, and Long-term Outcomes of Pomalidomide in the Treatment of Kaposi Sarcoma among Individuals with or without HIV Infection.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2022Trial
- Signatures of oral microbiome in HIV-infected individuals with oral Kaposi's sarcoma and cell-associated KSHV DNA.PLoS pathogens · 2020Trial
- Availability of Cancer Screening Across HIV Treatment Sites in the IeDEA Consortium.International journal of cancer · 2026Article
- KSHV and cancer: understanding the oncogenic machinery for next-generation diagnostic tools and therapies.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- HIV-associated Kaposi sarcoma: Advanced disease and high mortality of patients referred to a multidisciplinary clinic in South Africa, 2022-2024.Southern African journal of HIV medicine · 2026Article
- Integrative functional genomics analysis of Kaposi sarcoma cohorts.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Global patterns and trends in cancer-related premature death and their impact on life expectancy across 185 countries: a population-based analysis.Military Medical Research · 2025Article
- Modern Approach to Manage Patients With Kaposi Sarcoma.Journal of medical virology · 2025Review
- A Case of Kaposi Sarcoma Misdiagnosed for 2 years: A Case Report.Case reports in medicine · 2025Article
- Early Mortality and Health Care Costs in Patients Recently Diagnosed With Kaposi Sarcoma at the National Cancer Institute, Mexico City.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- State of the science and future directions for research on HIV and cancer: Summary of a joint workshop sponsored by IARC and NCI.International journal of cancer · 2024Review
- A prospective cohort study identifies two types of HIV+ Kaposi Sarcoma lesions: proliferative and inflammatory.International journal of cancer · 2023Article
- Incident Kaposi sarcoma during the expansion of antiretroviral therapy eligibility in Nigeria: a retrospective cohort study.BMC cancer · 2023Article
- Kaposi Sarcoma in People Living with HIV: Is it Water under the Bridge?Mediterranean journal of hematology and infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Temporal Trends and Differences in Sexuality among Depressed and Non-Depressed Adults in the United States.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- KSHV (HHV8) vaccine: promises and potential pitfalls for a new anti-cancer vaccine.NPJ vaccines · 2022Review
- Kaposi Sarcoma, a Trifecta of Pathogenic Mechanisms.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 20 institutions in 11 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWe compared Kaposi sarcoma (KS) risk in adults who started antiretroviral therapy (ART) across the Asia-Pacific, South Africa, Europe, Latin, and North America.
methodsWe included cohort data of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive adults who started ART after 1995 within the framework of 2 large collaborations of observational HIV cohorts. We present incidence rates and adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs).
resultsWe included 208140 patients from 57 countries. Over a period of 1066572 person-years, 2046 KS cases were diagnosed. KS incidence rates per 100000 person-years were 52 in the Asia-Pacific and ranged between 180 and 280 in the other regions. KS risk was 5 times higher in South African women (aHR, 4.56; 95% confidence intervals [CI], 2.73-7.62) than in their European counterparts, and 2 times higher in South African men (2.21; 1.34-3.63). In Europe, Latin, and North America KS risk was 6 times higher in men who have sex with men (aHR, 5.95; 95% CI, 5.09-6.96) than in women. Comparing patients with current CD4 cell counts ≥700 cells/µL with those whose counts were <50 cells/µL, the KS risk was halved in South Africa (aHR, 0.53; 95% CI, .17-1.63) but reduced by ≥95% in other regions.
conclusionsDespite important ART-related declines in KS incidence, men and women in South Africa and men who have sex with men remain at increased KS risk, likely due to high human herpesvirus 8 coinfection rates. Early ART initiation and maintenance of high CD4 cell counts are essential to further reducing KS incidence worldwide, but additional measures might be needed, especially in Southern Africa.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.