Comparison of lifestyle, hormonal and medical factors in women with sporadic and Lynch syndrome-associated endometrial cancer: A retrospective case-case study.

Data available on lifestyle-associated hormonal and medical factors among endometrial cancer (EC)-affected women who carry the Lynch Syndrome (LS) mutation is limited. The aim of the present retrospective case study was to compare the reproductive and medical history, as well as lifestyle-associated factors, among patients with LS and sporadic EC. The study population consisted of 50 verified germline mismatch repair (MMR) gene mutation carriers diagnosed with EC, and 110 sporadic EC patients. Data were collected using postal questionnaires. Apart from the mean age at the time of the EC diagnosis (LS, 48.7 years compared with sporadic patients, 55.2 years; P<0.0001), the characteristics of sporadic and LS EC patients were similar with regard to body mass index (BMI) at age 18, 40 or at the time of the survey, and smoking and alcohol consumption. LS women reported a significantly lower rate of spontaneous abortion (P=0.043) and also more frequent use of contraceptives (P=0.004). The prevalence of co-morbidities, including diabetes, atherosclerosis, hypercholesterolemia and hypertension, was similar between the LS and the sporadic groups. A trend for a higher prevalence of endometriosis among mutation carriers was detected (16.0 vs. 8.1%, P=0.137). As anticipated, the prevalence of gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract and ovarian cancer was higher among the LS women (P<0.0001, P=0.006 and P=0.056, respectively). Co-morbidity and lifestyle-associated factors appeared to be comparable among patients with LS and sporadic EC. The reported difference in the use of contraceptives warrants further investigation. Future studies are also required to address the possible association between LS and endometriosis.