Under-representation of women in stroke randomized controlled trials: inadvertent selection bias leading to suboptimal conclusions.

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed.

1. Sex differences in imaging and clinical characteristics of patients from the WAKE-UP trial.European journal of neurology · 2023
   Trial
2. Robot-assisted training compared with an enhanced upper limb therapy programme and with usual care for upper limb functional limitation after stroke: the RATULS three-group RCT.Health technology assessment (Winchester, England) · 2020
   Trial
3. Fluoxetine to improve functional outcomes in patients after acute stroke: the FOCUS RCT.Health technology assessment (Winchester, England) · 2020
   Trial
4. Effects of fluoxetine on functional outcomes after acute stroke (FOCUS): a pragmatic, double-blind, randomised, controlled trial.Lancet (London, England) · 2019
   Trial
5. Sex-based differences in emergency department treatment times for acute ischaemic stroke: evidence from a large Italian cohort.European stroke journal · 2026
   Observational
6. Direct Evidence for the Feedforward Neurovascular Coupling Mechanism in Humans During Task Onset: An EEG-fNIRS-TCD Multimodal Imaging Study.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
   Article
7. Sex differences in patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis included in three observational cohorts.European stroke journal · 2026
   Observational
8. Sex Differences in the Participation in Secondary Prevention Stroke Studies.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025
   Article
9. Impact of Sex on Clinical Outcomes of Tandem Occlusion in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients Treated With Mechanical Thrombectomy. A Propensity-Matched Analysis.European journal of neurology · 2025
   Observational
10. Impact of Sex on Thrombectomy Outcomes in Ischemic Stroke: A Propensity Score-Matched Study, Systematic Review, and Meta-Analysis.Stroke (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2024
    Article
11. Sex Differences in Outcomes of Acute Myocardial Injury After Stroke.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024
    Observational
12. Low Blood Pressure, Comorbidities, and Ischemic Stroke Mortality in US Veterans.Stroke · 2022
    Article
13. Neutrophil dynamics and inflammaging in acute ischemic stroke: A transcriptomic review.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022
    Review
14. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors for the Prevention of Post-Stroke Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021
    Article
15. Sex Differences in Outcome After Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke are Explained by Confounding Factors.Clinical neuroradiology · 2021
    Article
16. Red Dress Day in Croatia: stroke prevention based on sex differences.Croatian medical journal · 2020
    Article
17. Who says "no" to participating in stroke clinical trials and why: an observational study from the Vancouver Stroke Program.Trials · 2019
    Observational

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

Abstract

PubMed holds no abstract for this paper.